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Principle of Proportionality of Punishment in Dismissal Without Just Cause and Excuse
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

The principle of proportionality of punishment implies that the punishment to be imposed on the offender should fit the crime ie the punishment must be proportionate to the severity of the wrong committed. In cases that established misconduct, the disciplinary authority has the discretion to determine the severity of the disciplinary measure justif

Principle of Proportionality of Punishment in Dismissal Without Just Cause and Excuse
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

The principle of proportionality of punishment implies that the punishment to be imposed on the offender should fit the crime ie the punishment must be proportionate to the severity of the wrong committed. In cases that established misconduct, the disciplinary authority has the discretion to determine the severity of the disciplinary measure justif

Islamic Law
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

Islamic law or ‘Syariah’ is a system of law and ethics based on the divine will of Allah (SWT) that was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) over a period of 23 years beginning 610 AD. The Syariah is thus divinely inspired, intimately linked to religious tenets, encompassing in broad principles the whole sphere of human life, and provides the

Legislation
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

The power to legislate law is with the legislature, the application of the enacted legislation is on the executive and its subjects and the power to interpret the legislation and of ensuring its compliance lies with the courts. The power of Parliament and the State Legislature in Malaysia is limited by the Federal Constitution. The above two legisl

Major Legal Systems in the World
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

The application of legal system varies from country to country and is largely shaped by the unique history of a particular country. Generally, the most widespread legal systems in the world are the Civil Law, the Common Law and the Religious Law. This chapter discusses the general characteristics of the above three major legal systems in the world.

Malaysian Legal System: an Introduction
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

This chapter provides an overview of the Malaysian legal system how it evolved and why it changed with reference to the Malaysian legal history.Further, the chapter provides a summary content of the chapters.MALAYSIAN LEGALSYSTEM GeneralEditor AshgarAliAliMohamed CLJPublicationo o 2 5 9Perpustakaan NegaraMalaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data MAL

الكتابة بالجاوي ومشكلات قراءتها: القارئ العربي غيرالناط بالماليزية نموذجا = al-Kitabah bi-Al-jawi wa-Mushkilat Qiraataha: al-Qari'al-'arabi Ghair al-Natiq bi-Al-maliziyah Namudzajan
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

دخل الحرف العربي إلى الثقافة الملايوية مع أوائل القرن الرابع عشر الميلادي، وقد اعتمد هذا الحرف في الكتابة وأطلق على تسميته الكتابة بالحرف الجاوي ( جاوي) JAWI. ونتيجة للاستعمار الغربي البرتغالي ل

Simplified Gateway Selection Scheme for Multihop Relay in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

Integrating vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) and universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) could be a promising architecture for future machine-to-machine applications. This integration can help vehicles have steady Internet connection through the UMTS network and in communicating with other vehicles. However, dead spot areas and unsuccessfu

Assessing the Values and Potentials of Public Art in Campus Public Space
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

Public art is an art form installed in public spaces for public view. Its existence in the public space is often perceived to enhance the landscape setting and spatial experience for people. The manifestation of public art may be associated with the culture and identity of an area to give a positive impact to the public. Nevertheless, there are als

neuro-Cognitive Correlation of Memory Effectiveness and Emotional Arousal
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

Studies have shown that memory effectiveness can be greatly influenced by emotional arousal. In this paper relationship between EEG-based emotional arousal and memory effectiveness were investigated. The focus of the research work assumed information encoding and information retrieval operations as memory effectiveness. Previous studies indicated a

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