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Multiplexing and Operational Scenarios
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

The design of multiplexer operation can be based upon certain simulation parameters. In this chapter a design of STDM is based upon some parameters considering a 64 Kbps satellite channel. Allowing each user a capacity of 6.4kbps, 10 users can be multiplexed in a normal situation. Using VAD and packet discarding for each of the users allmv more use

Quality Assessments in Multiplexing
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

Considering low bit rate sources the quality of speech suffers mainly by a factor, such as quantization noise. Multiplexing efficiency is therefore, based upon the encoding sources bit rates. Lower the coding rates, better the efficiency but on the expense of quality. The quality in multiplexing is assessed by two means, objectively and subjectivel

Cyclic Frame Discarding Multiplexer Design
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

The cyclic frame discarding is an approach in which at least for each user a packet is discarded before attempting to discard a second packet fonn the same. The idea is to avoid consecutive packet discarding from a single user when there is higher load. To do so, a slightly better perfonnance, in tenns of speech quality is achieved than a random pa

Low Bit Rate Speech Coders
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

A great number ofspeech coding has been developed in recent years and many others are in their advanced level of development. Most of these encoding algorithms use hybrid methodology of wavefonn coding and voice coding commonly knov.m as (vocoding). The speech quality ofthese coders is comparable with Pulse Code Modulation (PCM); a popular encoding

Dynamic Talker Activity Analysis
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

Speech activity and non-activity is a scenario in which each activity (talkspurt) and non-activity (silence) may vary in size. Some talkspurts may be many frames and others may be only a few frames long, considering each frame of speech of 20-30ms. In this chapter a dynamic talker activity analysis is provided through statistical measures to descri

Dsi Advantage Capability of Lfr
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

The Digital Speech interpolation (DSI) advantage is signal processing technique, using this technique one can maximise the systems efficiency, such as a telephonic system capability to accommodate more users due to the non-active parts within speech signal. By utilising non activity parts along with Lost Frame Reconstruction (LFR), higher DSI advan

Sox-9 Transient Transfection Enhances Chondrogenic Expression of Osteoarthritic Human Articular Chondrocytes in Vitro: Preliminary Analysis
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

In this study, we are taking step to actively manage osteoarthritis that may help gain control over osteoarthritic pain and delay the degenerative changes in articular cartilage in future. We transiently over expressed cartilage transcriptional factor, human sox-9 gene in chondrocytes derived from consented osteoarthritic patients after joint surge

Exploring the Potential of Cartilage Tissue Engineering to Restore Joint Damage
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

Joint damage, articular cartilage degeneration, and the research into methods of restoring the articulation surfaces are not new topics of interest. For centuries, clinicians and scientists have recognized the importance of cartilage damage, and learned about the normal form and function of articular cartilage, as well as the process of degradation

Optimal Tour Constructions for Multiple Mobile Robots
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

The attempts to use mobile robots in a variety of environments are currently being limited by their navigational capability, thus a set of robots must be configured for one specific environment. The problem of navigating an environment is the fundamental problem in mobile robotic where various methods including exact and heuristic approaches have b

Inference and Probability in Methodology of Hadith
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

A central feature in the study of hadith methodology is in ensuring the authenticity of a narration attributed to the Prophet (s.a.w). While the details of criterion may differ somewhat between scholars, the common principles would see scrutiny of the content of a hadith as well as the chain of transmission. It is thus with these that scholars are

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