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Apportionment of Liability in the Electronic Commerce in Arab Countries: a Literature Review
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

The increasing popularity of electronic commerce has shown its problematic side, namely the issue of apportionment of liability. Due to the involvement of several intermediaries, it is often uncertain if those intermediaries would assume responsibility, or to what extent if any, should the transaction goes wrong. The current paper, a research in pr

Comparative Analysis of the Statutory Duties of Waqf Managers Under the State Waqf Enactment and the Duties of Trustees Under the Trustee Act 1949
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

The paper seeks to propose improvements in terms of the statutory duties of the Waqf Managers in Malaysia (SIRC and appointed third parties) under the Waqf Enactments through a comparative review of the Trustee Act 1949. Specific duties such as the duty to invest, duty to report and duty to monitor as provided under the Trustee Act 1949 were critic

Muslim Bengal Writes Back: a Study of Rokeya’s Representation of Europe
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain (1880 – 1932) is the most prominent Muslim feminist writer from what is now Bangladesh and has huge posthumous public influence in the entire Muslim Bengal. During the time of her active creative career, British colonialism was at its height in India. British India was a confluence of Indian and European people and both th

Management System of Islamic Private Secondary Schools in Bangkok, Thailand
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

This study discusses the establishment of Islamic Private Secondary Schools in Bangkok and the schools’ management system which comprises of the organizational structure, school finance, school physical facilities, teaching staff and parents’ involvement in the school. This study will also identify some problems and obstacles that inhibit the e

Isolation of Individual Hop Iso-α-acids Stereoisomers by β-cyclodextrin
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

Individual iso-α-acids that are responsible for the bitter taste of beer need to be isolated because these acids are required as reference standards in quantitative analysis and when studying the parameters which effect the quality of beer. However, these pure compounds are very expensive, due to inefficient isolation methods. In this study a new

Preheating in End Milling of Aisi D2 Hardened Steel with Coated Carbide Inserts
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of preheating through inductive heating mechanism in end milling of AISI D2 hardened steel (60-62 HRC) by using coated carbide tool inserts. Apart from preheating, two other machining parameters such as cutting speed and feed were varied while the depth of cut constant was kept constant. Tool wear

The Dynamic Emotion Recognition System Based on Functional Connectivity of Brain Regions
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

Emotion perception similar to thinking, learning and remembering is consequent of complicated brain processes which are related to specific biological metabolism. Different human’s emotional states are recognizable by measuring and interpreting of human physiological signals. Bio-sensors possess a number of advantages against other emotion recogn

Application of Two Dimensional Thin Layer Chromatography Pattern Comparison for Fingerprinting the Active Compaounds in the Leaves of Vitex Trifolia Linn Processing anti-Tracheospasmolytic Activity
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

We have developed one approach to fingerprint and estimate the active compounds in the leaves of Vitex trifolia Linn possessing anti-tracheospasmolytic assay using two-dimensional TLC pattern comparison. Based on the two-dimensional TLC pattern and the activity of the centrifugal partition chromatography fractions, we concluded that the semi polar

Application of Two Dimensional Thin Layer Chromatography Pattern Comparison for Fingerprinting the Active Compounds in the Leaves of Vitex Trifolia Linn Possessing anti-Tracheospasmolytic Activity
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

We have developed one approach to fingerprint and estimate the active compounds in the leaves of Vitex trifolia Linn possessing anti-tracheospasmolytic assay using two-dimensional TLC pattern comparison. Based on the two-dimensional TLC pattern and the activity of the centrifugal partition chromatography fractions, we concluded that the semi polar

eeg-Based Emotion Recognition Using self-Organizing Map for Boundary Detection
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

This paper presents an EEG-based emotion recognition system using self-organizing map for boundary detection. Features from EEG signals are classified by considering the subjects’ emotional responses using scores from SAM questionnaire. The selection of appropriate threshold levels for arousal and valence is critical to the performance of the rec

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