Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only
All carotenoids originate from a single, common precursor, phytoene. The color of carotenoids is determined by desaturation, isomerization, cyclization, hydroxylation and epoxidation of the 40-carbon phytoene. The conjugated double-bond structure and nature of end ring groups confer on the carotenoids properties such as color and antioxidant activi