iKnow

Packet Loss and Frame Substitution Techniques
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

In packetized speech communication the packet loss occurs. The packets can also be forced to drop in situations when traffic load increase at the multiplexing end. The dropped packets can be substituted at the demultiplexing end. To do so frame substitution techniques can be utilised to mitigate the effects oflost packets. In this chapter packet lo

Cyclic Frame Discarding Multiplexer Design
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

The cyclic frame discarding is an approach in which at least for each user a packet is discarded before attempting to discard a second packet fonn the same. The idea is to avoid consecutive packet discarding from a single user when there is higher load. To do so, a slightly better perfonnance, in tenns of speech quality is achieved than a random pa

Networking Issue
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

All communication networks use or going to use packet based communications that intrinsically use STDM for communication. No user is going to have a fixed time slot instead, a slot is allocated on a demand basis or activity basis. The packet discarding is a new' concept in networking, in this chapter a random packet discarding is explained.STAT

LPC Envelope Difference Criterion and Multiplexing Efficiency
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) envelop difference is a technique that exploits envelop of each frame. This is a frequency domain measure in which for each active speech frame and its reconstructed frame is used to find out the differences in their envelops. This LPC difference measures can be utilised for the STDM design purpose. This chapter is de

Energy Ad a Criterion for Frame Discarding and Multiplexing Efissiency
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

To design a STOM on the criterion of energies of each frame is one of the popUlar methods. In this each frames energy is calculated, a frame with lower energy is the best candidates among all users' speech frames. Dropping the frame with lmvest energy may degrade quality at its minimum as compared to the higher energy signals. This is also perc

Concept of Frames Discarding and Multiplexing Efficiency
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

At low bit rates speech is coded frame by frame, each frame of a size of 20-30ms. Perceptually, each frame may be different, depends upon the speech signal properties (voiced or unvoiced). The frames with lower perception may be one of the potential candidates to be dropped and reconstructed to maximize the bandwidth of the systems. This chapter ex

ظاهرة الطلاق المبكر في ماليزيا: دراسة فقهية = Early Divorce Issue in Malaysia: a Juristic Study
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

This paper aims to discuss the major reasons which have led to early divorce among Malaysian community, and attempt to come out with solutions to the issue to guarantee the continuity of Muslim family life in harmony, peace and happiness. Similarly, this study aims to highlight the wisdoms and the objectives of Shari’ah (Maqasid Shari’ah) in th

The Objectives and Principles of Islamic Governance: Perspective of Imam al-Juwaynī
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

In a reality of clashing visions and perspectives, vision becomes murky, foundations become shaky, and smoky fumes rule over all. History tends to repeat itself, so after Imam al-Māwardī released his realistic vision justifying Islamic governance in his book Al-Aḥkām al-Ṣulṭāniyyah, Imam al-Juwaynī came out with his own book, Ghiyāth al

منهجية التعامل مع مشكل الحديث دراسة تأصيلية تطبيقية
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

إن القرآن ال كريم هو الهداية الأولى للناس بما حوى من قواعد الحق وضمانات النجاة ،والسنة كسفينة نوح من ركبها نجا ومن تنكب طريقها غرق؛ وهرم الرواية التي حملت السنة يشهد بعظمة الأمة في منهجيتها لص�

The Expanded Usul of Violence by Isis, al-Qaeda, and Other Similar Extremist Groups
Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only

This paper discusses the methodology of violence used by modern extremist groups that affiliate themselves with Islam, particularly al-Qaeda and ISIS. With the rise of groups claiming to wage jihad, the public has a difficult time discerning traditional concepts from modern aberrations. Furthermore, the groups themselves seem to be alike. The exami

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