A two stage fermentation process for production of acetic acid using star fruit juice with Saccaromycescerevisiae and Acetomonasacetii was conducted in a 2 L stirred tank bioreactor. The effect of inoculum size ( 5%,10%,15%) and agitation speed ( 250 rpm, 300 rpm, 350 rpm) on ethanol and acetic acid production of the juice were evaluated. Kinetic p

This chapter attempts to clarify the definition of ethics including its two categories of scientific and philosophical studies. It also explains how Islamic ethics and its scope have been defined by different Muslim scholars. In addition,it highlights few sources of Islamic ethics, namely, Qur'an and Sunnah, Islamic theology, Islamic philosophy

Seed fat of Madhuca longifolia known as mee fat (MF) has been considered as a potential plant fat for producing fat mixture to simulate the properties of lard. A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of addition of palm stearin (PS) on the solidification behavior of MF to formulate a mixture to become similar in solidification characteristic

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cost effectiveness of posterior composite resin through the amount of microleakage. Materials and Methods: 72 Cl V cavities were prepared in 36 teeth (extracted upper first premolar), one buccally and one palatally in each tooth, the cavities were located in the middle third of the crown. The teeth were

Plants are important sources of natural product that are widely used as herbal medicine because it is known to be effective with less unwanted side effects. Dissochaetagracilis which also known as ‘Senduduk’ or ‘Cong Keradak was found to be pharmacologically unexplored and the research was conducted as the thought it is worthwhile to explore

Islam acknowledges the role of women in developing a community. Islam also explaines that women are an important factor for the advancement and development of a nation. Thus, the religion of Islam gives equal rights to both men and women in performing their duties or responsibilities as stated in the Holy Qur’an and Sunnah. Islam provides many pr

Many organisations are conducting trainings for their employees to improve their work skills and development. However, trainings on developing their spiritual aspect are being emphasised. Several studies have shown that spirituality in the workplace could increase work behaviour and moral values. This paper reviews Islamic spirituality development

Mangroves are highly beneficial as they have many environmental and social functions. They yield many valuable products, while also performing, free-of-cost, many important functions that support the often dense coastal populations. Economically, they are thus highly important, be it at local, regional, national or even international level. Mangrov

Over the last decade, parental education in Malaysia has been the focus of increased attention by the government and non-government organizations. Despite the numerous studies discussing parental roles and responsibilities for the emotional and physical development of adolescents, there remains a paucity of research concerning the impediments to th

From the Islamic perspective, man and woman are not come to this world accidentally without any mission and purpose in his life. This principle is clearly laid down in the Qur’an: “Did you think that We had created you in play (without any purpose), and that you would not be brought back to Us?” This verse makes the point that man and woman h