Until recently, most studies investigating telecommunication reforms performance have failed to incorporate the importance of institutions into the empirical analysis. This study highlights the importance of institutional governance on telecommunications efficiency and provides empirical results for the impact of institutions on reform outcomes. It

Tanah adalah aset yang penting bagi setiap individu. Nilai tanah diukur bergantung kepada kandungan dan penggunaan tanah. Artikel ini membincangkan apakah unsur-unsur penting pembangunan tanah berdasarkan perundangan dan praktis yang diamalkan di Malaysia serta prinsip-prinsip pembangunan menurut Islam bersandarkan data-data sekunder yang diambil d

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to report the early findings of a research titled “An Exploratory Study of Strata Dispute Resolution in Malaysia”. Secondly, to look at various ways disputes are handled in strata management. Methodology/Approach: This paper discusses various cross- jurisdictional approaches, reviews the scope, analyses t

Maintenance of strata properties is unique as it requires common contribution from all strata purchasers. The contributions which sometimes referred as charges, levies or fee receive mixed reactions from the purchasers or owners for many various reasons. Some of the issues relate to ignorance on the term „Charges‟ and how the money is used. Som

This study presents the use of a stepped ground plane as a means to increase the gain and front-to-back ratio of an Archimedean spiral which operates in the frequency range 3–10 GHz. The backing structure is designed to optimize the antenna performance in discrete 1 GHz bands by placing each of the eight metal steps one quarter wavelength below t

We present here a systematic study on the synthesis thin films of various ZnO, CdO, ZnxCd1-x (O) and ZnTe nanostructures by electrodeposition technique with ZnCl2, CdCl2 and ZnSO4 solution as starting reactant. Several reaction parameters were examined to develop an optimal procedure for controlling the size, shape, and surface morphology of the na

We show that a significant increase in the gain and front-to-back ratio is obtained when different high impedance surface (HIS) sections are placed below the active regions of an Archimedean spiral antenna. The principle of operation is demonstrated at 3, 6, and 9 GHz for an antenna design that employs a ground plane composed of two dissimilar HISs

Recently there has been a growing interest in time series of counts/integer-valued time series. The time series under the hypothesis of homogeneous variance becomes unrealistic in many situations because the variance tend to change with level. Important models such as ACP (autoregressive conditional Poisson ) models and integer valued GARCH models

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or (PLGA) has attracted considerable interest for biomedical applications due to its biodegradability and approval for clinical use. This study aimed to characterize PLGA in terms of swelling capacity, compression test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PLGA scaffold was fabricated using the solvent casting, s

Murrabi in the context of architecture pedagogy is a “teacher” with conscience and responsibility towards the Creator Almighty Allah, Mankind and Environment. The task is to produce graduates as architects and architecture related khalifahs or stewards to enhance the built environment in God envisioned or tawhidic way. Design as the core course