With the ease of editing and perfect reproduction in digital multimedia, the protection of ownership and the prevention of unauthorized tampering of multimedia data (audio, image, video, and document) become important concerns . Steganography is one of these schemes that entails the opportunity of hide any secret information into images. Recently t

Hydroxapatite (HA) is a stable phase with low dissolution rate in body fluid. Meanwhile, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is rather soluble but the dissolution rate is too fast for bone bonding. Therefore a mixture of both is desirable to control the bioresorbability. In this work, calcium phosphate powder has been synthesized via sol gel and wet p

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder together with other metabolic abnormalities, usually developed due to insulin resistance or deficiency as well as increased hepatic glucose output [1]. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Malaysians adults more than 30 years of age has escalated by more than two fold over a 20-year period [2]. On the ot

Double-layer microchannel heat sinks (DL-MCHS) are considered as an effective solution of temperature non-uniformity on the surface of microelectronic devices. However, only single-phase flow is analyzed so far in DL-MCHS. In this paper, numerical investigation has been carried out to observe the flow boiling phenomena in DL-MCHS. FLUENT ver. 14.5

Trichomes morphology in petals of some Acanthaceae species. Reinwardtia 14(1): 79 – 83. ― A preliminary taxonomic study was carried out on seven Acanthaceae species namely as Andrographis paniculata, Pseuderanthemum graciliflorum, P. carruthersii, Asystasia gangetica ssp micrantha, Ruellia repens, Justicia comata and J. betonica. The study was

Protein purification is a process to remove impurities contains in a complex mixture and may involves a single step or by a combination of several steps. In this study, nucleocapsid (NP) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was purified using various purification steps from recombinant Escherichia coli. The purification steps involved ammonium

With existing Network Mobility Basic Support (NEMO BS) protocol, entire transmissions are completely handled via Mobile Router (MR) to its home network on behalf of all Mobile Network nodes (MNNs) during movement among different networks. This concerns in enlarged length of route with higher delay and loss in best cases. Hence, in order to overcome

Stem cell has been widely researched during the last decade due to its potential to differentiate into many cell types. This study attempts to compare the growth of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) aspirated from rabbits’ iliac crest and femur in two culture media i.e. (1) α-Minimum Essential Medium (α-MEM) and, (2) the mixture of Ham

Piper betle also known as ?sireh? has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes. It has been reported that P. betle leaves possess antifungal activity but no effort to optimize the extraction conditions to obtain high yield of antifungal compounds has been carried out yet. In this study, optimized extraction condition was determined. It was fi

The Islamic theory of literature and its practices are studied in the context of Qur’anic examples. As the Qur’an is a comprehensive guideline to life, and considers the human soul, feelings, thoughts and actions, it gives basic rules and outline to Islamize the literature. Muslim scholars have discussed the Islamic literature based on the stor