For conservation of the biodiversity and for maintaining anessential balance between all flora and fauna and the achieving the ultimate goal of sustainable development, access to justice is a must. Only because of easy and fast institution and disposal of environmental pollution and degradation cases, these objectives can be achieved and poor and m

Prior to the Achille Lauro incident, there was a lack of a compressive legal framework for taking appropriate action against unlawful acts endangering the safety of maritime navigation at both the international and regional levels. Thus, the incident was not an attack, which falls within the ambit of the definition of piracy under the United Nation

Skin colour is considered to be a useful and discriminating spatial feature for many skin detectionrelated applications, but it is not sufficiently robust to address complex image environments because of light-changing conditions, skin-like colours and reflective glass or water. These factors can create major difficulties in face pixel-based ski

In Malaysia, fatwa has been considered as a religious verdict that assists in regulating Muslim’s conduct of activities in the country. The Federal constitution of Malaysia has vested the responsibility for enacting laws in the hands of the Parliament at the Federal level and in the state Assemblies at the state level. On the other lane, the Admi

Biodegradable poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and PLGA-based polymeric nanoparticles are widely used for sustained release of protein and peptide drugs. These formulations are usually prepared by water/oil/water (W/O/W) and solid/oil/water (S/O/W) double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Other methods of preparation are nanoprecipitation,

Purpose – The overall purpose of the research presented is to ascertain whether independent non-executive directors (INEDs) in Malaysian publicly listed companies (PLCs) are involved in corporate strategy. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative approach, consisting of a series of interviews with board members, was chosen. The sampling fram

Abstract The subject of concern to this paper is the concept of right (haqq) in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence. As to this subject, the paper asserts that it is dubious in form and vacuous in substance. This assertion is not meant to assert that the concept concerned in classical Islamic jurisprudence is not characterized by these characters. T

The improvements and capabilities of Business Intelligence (BI) systems are making them highly required by organizations in many of the fields. Day by day, the demand is increasing on these systems. Figures show that billions of US dollars are spent annually on BI systems. However, half of these BI projects are ending with unrealized benefit, accor

Rise of average global temperature and its global disastrous impacts, due to unusual weather conditions, are escalating despite greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, as the mitigation mechanisms alone cannot do away with the sufferance of the people on long-term basis. It has to be combined with adaptation (Klein,

Bluff body vehicles such as trucks and buses do not have a streamlined shapes and hence have high drag which can be reduced to make great savings in operational cost. While rectangular flaps have been widely studied as both passive add-ons and in active drag reducing systems for bluff bodies, changing the basic geometry of the flap has not been exp