Image-guided Surgery (IGS) is an advanced medical navigation technology that enhances surgical operations and outcomes. The infrared markers have been used in previous years as references to visualize a patient's body part, whether the markers are active or passive. This paper presents a new reference tool of tracking, and develops a new algori

The aim of this article is to introduce multi downstream passive optical network based on optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) technique, which is considered as a next-generation optical access network. Hence, incorporating this technique with passive optical network (PON) will enable the system to support higher bandwidth compared to the

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM is a preferred technique in digital communication systems due to its benefits of achieving high bit rates and its ability to resist multipath effect over fading channels. However, high peak to average power PAPR ratio of the OFDM transmitted signal is a main drawback in OFDM systems. In this paper, th

Background: Gliclazide is a second generation sulphonylurea drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Commercially available modified release (MR) gliclazide tablet is a once-daily formulation that employs a hydrophilic matrix of a hypromellose for drug release retardant activity. It has similar efficacy but offers several advantages

Although lipases are important class of industrial enzymes but the high cost of their production limits their applications. In this study, an abundant raw material in Malaysia, palm kernel cake (PKC), was investigated as a substrate ina fermentation process to produce lipase using solid-state bioconversion (SSB) with minimum requirements of machine

The aim of this study is to investigate the cell uptake of Nigella sativa oil (NSO)-PLGA microparticle by neuron-like PC-12 cells in comparison to surfactants; hydrophilic (Tween 80 & Triton X100) and hydrophobic (Span 80). Solvent evaporation was used to precisely control the size, zeta potential and morphology of the particle. The results rev

Nowadays, there are many family problems spreading in the society that lead to divorce and destabilized family. Therefore, the research tries to examine how to solve these problems from the perspectives of purposes of Islamic law and general rules of Islamic law. This research aims to highlight the reasons and motives that lead to the existence of

Ethics and regulations are rules written or agreed upon to implement a certain activity so that no harm can occur to any party involved or not involved in this activity. It seems that when there is any violation to any party, then it is an unethical issue. In fact, in scientific research, it is not necessary that there is second or third party can

Objective: To evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of stembark of Shorea kunstleri together with analysis of phytochemical and total phenolic contents. Methods: Extraction was conducted with different solvent polarity of n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol by using Soxhlet extraction. Total phenolic content was determined usin

Objective: Quantification of medicinal plant, N. sativa oil, in biodegradable nanoparticles fabricated from PLGA and chitosan was impossible due to the difficulty in the oil extraction-partition method of which the nanoparticle did not dissolve in any solvent. Methods: FTIR method was developed to quantify the loading efficiency of NSO from the int