The impact of extreme events across the globe is extraordinary which continues to handicap the advancement of the struggling developing societies and threatens most of the industrialized countries in the globe. Various fields of Information and Communication Technology have widely been used for efficient disaster management; but only to a limited e

Chatter is an unwanted but sometimes unavoidable phenomenon in computer aided machining. The term defines the self-excited violent relative dynamic motion between the cutting tool and workpiece. Experimental investigations have been conducted on the chips and common types of discreteness in the form of serrated saw teeth have been identified. It ha

The intent of this paper is to present the flaws and weaknesses of Kim et al.'s timestamp-based password authentication scheme using smart cards. We prove that, in spite of the improvement of Yang-Wang-Chang's scheme, Kim et al.'s solution is still vulnerable to a type of forgery attack. We also note down how the flaw could be overcome

In 2005, Yang, Wang, and Chang proposed an improved timestamp-based password authentication scheme in an attempt to overcome the flaws of Yang-Shieh’s legendary timestamp-based remote authentication scheme using smart cards. After analyzing the improved scheme proposed by Yang-Wang-Chang, we have found that their scheme is still insecure and vuln

Cities are vulnerable to a range of hazards and shocks. The COVID-19 has exposed the direct consequences of limited preparedness and resilience when facing a global emergency. In the face of these growing challenges, cities need the tools and knowledge to plan and mitigate the adverse impacts. The geospatial approach can play a critical role in sup

In recent years, the atomic force microscope (AFM) has become an important tool in nanotechnology research. It was first conceived to generate 3-D images of conducting as well as nonconducting surfaces with a high degree of accuracy. Presently, it is also being used in applications that involve manipulation of material surfaces at a nanoscale. In t

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the light intensity of selected light curing units with varying distance and angulation of the light curing tip and lightmeter. Materials and method: Four types of light units; Spectrum 800 (Dentsply), Coltulux 3 (Coltene), Elipar FreeLight 2 (3M Espe) and Starlight Pro (Mectron) were evaluat

Design and implementation of proportional integral derivative (PID) and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controllers to attenuate the engine-body disturbance is presented in this paper. These control techniques are implemented on two degree of freedom engine-body vibration model so that vibration isolation is achieved by controlling the actuator fo

Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) involves not only attributes that are precise or crisp, but also values that are not deterministic. Currently, Fuzzy TOPSIS presents a solution for decision makers when dealing with real world data that are usually multi attributes and involves a complex decision making process. In this work, an application of

Abstract. In this paper, we consider a problem on finding the number of different single connected component containing a fixed root for a given number of vertices on semi-infinite Cayley tree. The solution of this problem is the well known Catalan numbers. The result is then extended to the complete graph. Then, we gave a suitable estimate for the