This study focuses on the nature and characteristics of the forts in old Malay cities. This study's objectives are; i) to analyse the characteristics of historical forts, and ii) to compare the characteristics of forts in the historical Malay Peninsula. Content analysis was performed for the secondary data gathered from previous works and docum

Kuala Kangsar is known as one of the key royal town in Malaysia. Yet it's urban form has been affected by Colonial influence which had caused the original archetypical intimate and tight configuration of Malay urban core to be drastically ruptured. The paper traces back the pre-colonial urban core configuration of Kuala Kangsar into the era of

MCO has been keeping humans locked in their homes-- which also means away from the nature. As the air quality improving due to less pollution caused by vehicles and factories; we might wonder does the situation goes the same for our river? What are the challenges in improving the quality of our river pre- and post-MCO? Lets find out and join us in

The Malay traditional environment is the interaction between human, natural environment, and culture, which is then translated into the spatial design of houses and their surroundings. However, rapid urbanisation has transformed many traditional villages by incorporating urban elements into the villages. This study focuses on understanding the exis

غرض الباحثة في هذه المقالة تقديم الأدلة من القراءات القرآنية على مدى موافقة أبي عمرو لمدرسته النحوية البصرية، ومدى موافقة الكسائي لمذهبه الكوفي، وبذلك انصبّ الاهتمام بالبحث في الخلاف الصريح

This paper evaluates the development-induced water pollution in Malaysia within an econometric framework. It explores the relationship between water pollution problems and rapid economic development such as industrial growth and urbanization/population in the country. Methodologically, a Multiple Regression Analysis that is essential to reveal the

In recent years, emotional personality has found an important application in the field of human machine interaction. Interesting examples of this domain are computer games, interface agents, human-robot interaction, etc. However, few systems in this area include a model of personality, although it plays an important role in differentiating and dete

Introduction: To date, there are limited published literatures addressing behaviors of Attention Deficit and Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) children and their parents’ psychological characteristics. It is also crucial to know the relationship between characteristics of ADHD behaviors on their parental psychological impacts. Objective: To determine t

Medical thoracoscopy has gain its popularity in Malaysia recently. This paper presents our early experience in thoracoscopy using semi-rigid fiberoptic thoracoscope. All thoracoscopy records since October 2006 were retrieved. The patients’ records, thoracocentesis investigations results, thoracoscopic findings and all pleural biopsy results were

A repeated measures design is common in many research areas such as medical and clinical trials, education and psychology. In Meta analysis , where data are typically available at aggregate level, the analysis of repeated measures data is more difficult. One of the limitations of current approaches is in their reliance on the measures at only one o