Malaysia is a tropical country endowed with very rich and diverse specIes of flora with promising medicinal values, which are still fully untapped, The country also has a strong tradition in ethnomedical practices, many ohvhich utilize the local flora. These two factors have initiated the research in natural products sciences, which provide an idea

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is the commonest complications of diabetes mellitus and is the earliest manifestation of the microvasuclar complications of diabetes mellitus. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its associated factors among diabetic patients in government primary care clinics

All living things will grow old, and inevitably all will die one day. This is a normal process to grow old, to have disease and die. Death is no exception. However, the rate of disease occurrence varies with different people. Moreover, the psychological distress influences the onset of age related disease and biological aging. Actually, aging is a

Two Asian horseshoe crabs Tachypleus gigas and Carcinoscopius rotundicauda are commonly found on some coastal habitat in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia during their spawning season. The number is small if compared to the Atlantic species, Limulus polyphemus which could be related to their foraging ground on sea bottom. It is not easy to asce

Gratitude represents a general state of appreciation and is considered the root of most religious traditions. Islam views gratitude as a way Muslims relate to their Creator by appreciating His assistance. Literature founds that many scales measuring gratitude were constructed without the integration of Shukr (i.e., Islamic concept of gratitude), or

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability measurement of corneal stromal thickness, sub-basal nerve plexus (SBNP) and keratocyte cell density (KCD) in laser refractive surgery patients. Methods: 120 eyes of 60 participants were recruited and both right and left eyes of the myopic subjects were measured separately. Cornea stromal th

Introduction: The prediction of long-term prognosis or outcome of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is important for prognostication and administration purposes. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was developed in order to estimate organ failure in patients with sepsis. Organ failures have been associated wi

Introduction: Creatinine kinetics denotes that under steady state conditions creatinine production (G) will equal creatinine excretion rate (E). The glomerular filtration (GFR) is impaired when excretion is less than production. The kinetic estimate of GFR (keGFR) was and E/G ratio were proposed as a more accurate estimate of GFR in the acute setti

INTRODUCTION: Accurate assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is important in the critically ill. Kinetic estimate of GFR (keGFR) considers the changes of creatinine, creatinine production rate, and volume of distribution hence postulated to be a more accurate estimate of GFR, where there are rapidly changing kidney functions. We evaluated

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a rare condition that can present as early as a neonate or develop later during paediatric age and adulthood. One should be aware of this entity as it can cause extreme anxiety to parents due to the variety of cutaneous features. Our case report details a JXG in an 11-months-old boy with a circumscribed nodule on h