Despite variations in its forms, contents, and qualities, arguably regular election is the only tool that upholds the “democratic” label of a government. Election works as the only legitimizing factor and, over the past several decades, it has become a popular means for authoritarian political leaders or dominant political parties in young or t

Women political participation is understood to be a part of civic rights but their participation is hindered by various factors. Numerous researchers have claimed that Islam as a religion, Muslim social culture and tradition inhibit women from political participation in Muslim societies. However, there are a number of Muslim majority countries wher

This article presents an experimental study to investigate the critical heat flux (CHF)enhancement mechanism using honeycomb porous plate (HPP). The CHF enhanced significantly with combination of the HPP and nanofluid, up to 3.2MW/m2 at maximum compared to a plain surface, 1.0MW/m2. The mechanism by which the CHF is improved in this system was eluc

Bioethanol is an eco-friendly biofuel due to its merit that makes it a top-tier fuel. The present study emphasized on bioethanol production from hydrogen-rich syngas through fermentation using Sacharomyces cerevisiea. Syngas fermentation was performed in a tar free fermenter using a syngas mixture of 13.05% H2, 22.92% CO, 7.9% CO2, and 1.13% CH4, b

Sustainable development has become a global economic objective at all levels- local, national and international. The concept has gained popular global currency due to the adverse effects of global warming, risks of global economic interdependency and competitiveness of national economies. However, it applies more on the developing and poor economie

Adoption of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is rising dramatically and a subsequent amount of research has done on WSN power efficiency. Node power consumption reduction is an important part of study in ZigBee WSN, in order to reduce overall WSN power consumption for different applications. One approach is transmission power control for reducing WSN

The contemporary world has developed specialization in every field of life and society. The tremendous development in every aspect of human life and society deserves detailed attention with exclusive focus to understand the complexity of life and society at their micro levels. This specialization has contributed to the detailed understanding of var

The Islamic minority laws were developed more than a millennium ago. Since then social, political and legal composition and structure of the society have drastically changed. The modern state-system is based on the ideas of universal citizenship with equal socio-political, economic and legal rights. The modern nation-states are multiethnic, multicu

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder characterised by bone remodelling and cartilage degradation and associated with chondrocyte apoptosis. These processes were investigated at 10, 16, 24, and 30 weeks in Dunkin Hartley (DH) and Bristol Strain 2 (BS2) guinea pigs that develop OA spontaneously. Both strains had a more pronounced cho

The rapid development of mobile sites and their continued use by users, as well as government organizations delivering their services to citizens has witnessed considerable high growth over the years. However, it appears that mobile services may lack quality and user satisfaction, since the sites are mostly developed and design without user involve