This book examines the origins of the concepts of Shi’ism and Sunnism (ahl al-sunnah wa al-jama’ah). It deals with the factors, personnel and circumstances that were most decisive in the creation and evolution of the two poles. The nature and scope of some early institutionalized Sunni-Shi’ah conflicts are also explored. The book is divided i

This article reviews literature on accounting and reporting for waqf, zakat and baitul mal (WZB). Given that WZB are under the purview of the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs), the structure of the administrative machinery of Islamic affairs is discussed and how this gives rise to the unique demarcation in powers and authority on policies pe

Halide Edib Adıvar (1884-1864) adalah seorang novelis, aktivis, dan intelektual yang hidup dalam beberapa dekade terakhir Negara Turki Uthani dan periode awal Republik Turki. Ketenarannya terdengar hingga ke India ketika ia menghadiri serangkaian ceramah pada tahun 1935. Ceramah Adıvar selama kunjungannya ke India pada tahun-tahun awal Republik s

Negara dan media cetak secara historis memiliki hubungan yang tak terpisahkan. Media cetak menjadi alat yang mampu menciptakan kedamaian dan mengarahkan pada perselisihan. Ini bisa disaksikan dengan kasus-kasus sengketa, pelarangan, dan sensor surat kabar oleh otoritas negaras serta keterlibatan otoritas negara dalam proses kerjasama dengan pencetu

The research sheds light on a comparison between the provisions of the Bahraini Civil Law and the Sharia standards of the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) with regard to the most important provisions of the contract, such as the pillars of the contract and the form of the contract. The research aims t

Interactive landscapes in urban settings contribute to significant benefits, primarily targeting human-with-human interaction, human-with-nature interaction, and nature-the-surrounding interaction which is the key to enhancing the overall quality of life, and tackling urgent environmental issues. In many urban areas, the problem of insufficient eng

Malay medical manuscripts (MMM) discuss diseases and remedies according to Malay traditional medicine. One of them, MSS 3048, compiles a variety of diseases including shingles; a viral disease that manifests itself with neuropathic pain. One of the mechanisms that cause neuropathic pain is through the activation of P2X4, an ionotropic receptor. Hen

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are two to four times more likely to affect women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs). One of the etiologies of CVDs is endothelial dysfunction, which results from an imbalance in the production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO). Although blood pressure (BP) is normali

As cybersecurity issues surge, it highlights the pressing need for increased awareness. In our digitally interconnected world, where information technology underpins the lives of individuals, businesses, and even national security, the threat of cyberattacks looms large. To enhance national cybersecurity preparedness, there is a critical call to ac

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a major health threat worldwide pandemic, first identified in Malaysia on 25 January 2020. This outbreak can be represented in the mathematical expressions of a non-linear system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). With the lack of a predictive SEIRD model in terms of Graphical Users Interface (GUI) in Malay