Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) was initially introduced to assist unicast network-based mobility. In recent years, new approaches have been introduced to provide multicast support in PMIPv6. IP multicast is an imperative mechanism for internet video provision. As the usage of internet data traffic remains to develop rapidly, there is a need to optimize

Mobile IPTV applications are becoming very popular worldwide. According to CISCO research, mobile Internet video usage is increasing rapidly each year and soon reaching zettabyte threshold in 2019. With the increase number of traffic, it is a great effort for internet service provider to provide acceptable network performance. The objective of this

Network based mobility management protocol can be termed as Proxy MIPv6 (PMIPv6). It is introduced as a unicast network based mobility management. Route optimization as well as context transfers approaches are some intra domain multicast support mechanisms in PMIPv6. As for inter domain multicast support mechanism on PMIPv6 domain, global mobility

As forecasted by recent research, mobile Internet video traffic is reaching zettabyte capacity in 2019. The fast increments and great usage boost demand in providing high internet service performance. It has become an ongoing research trend to enhance available schemes to comply such demand. The aim of this paper is to propose a new mobile multicas

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an intelligent method for opportunistic access of idle resources and a solution for spectrum resources scarcity. In this article a new technique for spectrum access is proposed. This technique combines spectrum sensing with geolocation database. The proposed technique is employed in radar bands of (960-1400 MHz, 2.7-3.6 GHz

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an intelligent scheme for opportunistic access of idle resources and a solution for spectrum resources scarcity. In this article a new technique for spectrum access is proposed. This technique combines spectrum sensing with geolocation database. The aim of the hybrid system is to take advantage of temporal spectrum opportuni

Birds are known for their agility, manoeuvrability, and flexibility during flight. These features allow their ability to fly under a large range of flight conditions. Bio flyers and bio aerodynamic/fluid surfaces have inspired many to perform experiments and simulations as well as to relate their results to engineering applications. Wings specifica

Mobile data traffic over IP has grown very rapidly in size. This huge increase in size creates high demand performance on network that supports mobile multicast services. This motivates the development of a better performance procedure with better signaling cost. Methods/Statistical analysis: A mathematical evaluation of signaling cost for multicas

Child Labor is another serious world phenomenon that affects a child’s rights. In general, Child Labor may seem to reflect any form of child employment scenario whether it hazardous or not- hazardous to children’s welfare. Millions of children are working around the world to helping their destitute family or themselves. It is so unfortunate tha

Protection of children from labor in Islam is basically based on the general purposes of Islamic law (maqasid al-Shari'ah) as well the spirit of the Shari'ah i.e. securing benefit to the mankind and removing harm from occurring on the people. This paper seeks to examine among others the contemporary Muslim scholar’s viewpoint on child lab