Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI), formerly known as pneumatosis coli, is the radiographic finding of gas within the small and large intestines. Even though PI is uncommon, its presence may pose a challenge in managing it. PI can present in a wide range of pathologies; thus, it is not diagnostic of any certain condition.1 The pathogenesis of PI is poor

Chemistry for foundation studies (level 1) is a book designed specifically for pre-university level students taking chemistry at local universities. It consists of complete notes covering seven chapters of general chemistry. Important principles and concepts are presented clearly and in simple ways to assist students in gaining clear understanding

In recent decades, research has emphasised the vital roles of serotonin and dopamine in regulating human motivation, cognition, and behaviour. This narrative review synthesises studies on how these neurotransmitters affect reward-based learning, decision-making, physical activity, and physiological factors, including sleep and appetite. Dopamine fa

Skincare, traditionally perceived as a self-care practice for promoting healthy skin, has recently emerged as a potential behaviouraladdiction. This paper explores the multifaceted nature of skincare addiction by examining its psychological, physiological, and social underpinnings. First, the discussion highlights how stress and coping strategies c

Methamphetamine abuse remains a pressing global public health challenge, with many countries—including Malaysia—continuing to grapple with its multifaceted social and economic repercussions. Despite the implementation of rigorous drug control policies and extensive rehabilitation programmes, methamphetamine addiction continues to pose significa

Background: Spiritual care is an important component of providing clients with holistic care in hospitals. As nurses, they need to address the patient’s spiritual needs with both competence and compassion. This study is aimed to determine the level of readiness of nursing students in delivering spiritual care to hospitalized patients and the asso

Aim: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Microsatellite Instability High (MSI-H) in stage IV colorectal cancer in Malaysians and to describe MSI-H clinicopathological characteristics. Method: All patients with stage IV colorectal cancer who underwent surgical resection of the primary tumor between January 2017 and December 2

A peptic ulcer is a lesion or discontinuation in the lining of your stomach or the upper part of your small intestine. It happens when the protective layer of mucus that shields your stomach from its own acid is damaged or worn away. When this protective layer weakens, the strong stomach acid can irritate and erode the delicate lining underneath, l

Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in our adrenal cortex. They can also be synthetically manufactured and used as medications. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including stress response, immune response, inflammation regulation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood

Introduction: The mentor-mentee programme at the Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (KOM, IIUM) facilitates academic, professional, and personal development in students through guided interaction with lecturers. The programme comprises 67 groups, each with 4-5 students and a lecturer as the mentor, mandating one meetin