The relationship that exists between fatwa andijtihad, ijma’, Qiyas,istislah and istihsan is significant to the development of Shari‘ah. Although, the terms seem to be different in the actual sense, but sometimes they do overlap each other, as they all focus in achieving same goal. The paper realized that ijtihad, ijma’, Qiyas, istislah and i

Increasing demands for high precision environmental protection measures regarding particulate matter (PM) emission from industrial productions and non-linear characteristics of spray tower system lead to the application of an intelligent control technique to adequately deal with these complexities. This includes the use of an artificial neural netw

The present work reports the synthesis and characterization of graphene via electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rod using two-electrode system assisted by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) as a surfactant. The electrochemical process was carried out with sequence of intercalation of SDS onto the graphite anode followed by exfoliation of the SDS-int

The study reports on the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from wastepaper, as an environmental friendly approach of source material, which can be a high availability and low-cost precursor for cellulose nanomaterial processing. Alkali and bleaching treatments were employed for the extraction of cellulose particles followed by controlled

Cellulose nanomaterials processing for aerogel preparation has received considerable attention among the scientific community due to its fascinating properties. In this work, we report on the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) aerogel from wastepaper using a freeze-drying technique. Structural analysis of the cellulosic particles extracte

The incidence of antibiotic resistance and its side effect have urged scientist to search for new antimicrobial substances. Cinnamons are rich in essential oils which mainly consist of cinnamaldehyde as its bioactive compounds. The present study was designed to postulate the mode of antimicrobial actions of both essential oil and cinnamaldehyde aga

Asset ownership is an important aspect of ṣukūk structuring and issuance. However, a recurring and contentious issue regarding the underlying ṣukūk asset is the actual nature of its ownership and the corresponding legal implications for ṣukūk holders and other parties in the ṣukūk transaction. Many ṣukūk are based solely on beneficia

Metalloproteases represent the largest fraction of the global enzyme market. For biotechnological purposes 31 the accumulation of product (i.e. productivity) provides the best measure of assessing enzyme performance 32 because it takes into account the interplay between activity, stability, activation and inhibition. Studies 33 assessing the produc

The recent ground breaking reforms in the legal and regulatory framework for Islamic banking and finance in Malaysia usher in a new phase in the modern history of this hitherto niche market. As part of these latest reforms, a major paradigm shift in the process of dispute resolution is the introduction of the financial ombudsman scheme (FOS) that t

This paper demonstrates a novel approach in which the digital image correlation technique is used as a nondestructive testing tool for the inspection of welded joints. In this approach, the joint is loaded with the maximum load that it is expected to encounter during actual operation (i.e., the design load) and two images are recorded, one before a