The study aimed to determine the level of self-efficacy in writing skill among Arabic learners at the International Islamic University Malaysia. The respondents were 200 learners from the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at this university. The instrument used was adapted from previous studies that measured writing self-efficacy. The re

This paper presents the development of a new model reduction method for discrete-time bilinear systems based on the balanced truncation framework. In many model reduction applications, it is advantageous to analyze the characteristics of the system with emphasis on particular frequency intervals of interest. In order to analyze the degree of contro

Frequency interval controllability and observability gramian matrices are important in order to understand the characteristics of systems which are inherently frequency dependent. Obtaining these frequency interval controllability and observability gramian matrices requires solving a pair of Lyapunov equations. However for certain systems these Lya

WiFi are easily available almost everywhere nowadays. Due to this, there is increasing interest in harnessing this technology for purposes other than communication. Therefore, this research was carried out with the main idea of using WiFi in developing an efficient, low cost control system for small office home office (SOHO) indoor environment. The

استند اللغويون في وضع قواعد اللغة العربية على عدّة مصادر، أهمها القرآن الكريم وأشعار الجاهليين والإسلاميين والحديث النبوي الشريف، وكان من أهم الدوافع لوضع هذه القواعد اللغوية حماية القرآن ا�

إن قضية تعدد الزوجات تُعَدُّ من القضايا المثيرة في عصرنا الحاضر، وذلك نتيجةً لما يشهده الواقع من اضطراب المواقف والممارسات تجاهه. ولم يقتصر الأمر على ذلك؛ بل تعدّاه إلى إعادة النظر في خطابات ا

Nowadays, there are more than 500 Quranic recitations available freely on the Internet. Most of the audio files were recorded in MP3 format due to its popularity, but lossless audio coding has gained much interest due to its high quality. The drawback of the lossless audio coding is the higher bitrate requirement. In this paper, the characteristics

This study aims to design a vertical handover prediction method to minimize unnecessary handovers for a mobile node (MN) during the vertical handover process. This relies on a novel method for the prediction of a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) referred to as IRBF-FFA, which is designed by utilizing the imperialist competition algorithm (

Green Internet of things (IoT) has been heralded as the “next big thing” waiting to be realized in energy-efficient ubiquitous computing. Green IoT revolves around increased machine-to-machine communications and encompasses energy-efficient wireless embedded sensors and actuators that assist in monitoring and controlling home appliances. Energy

Massive Open Online Course, better known as MOOC has become a buzzword within the field of education. MOOC is a new teaching innovation and practise of education delivery that targets to promote active learning and develop educational communities including thousands of students. At this early stage, not many research has been done especially in the