In network layer protocols, the most efficient way of sending similar packets to a group of nodes is via multicast. Multicast is a profound concept that has been around for some time and has seen through its implementation in various aspects of today’s network access technology. The IEEE 802.11 wireless standards, however, loosely honor IP layer

A multi-valued logic outputs for analog to digital (ADC) have been implemented in this paper. The use of multiple-valued logic outputs for ADC design offers the possibility of an overall reduction in circuit complexity and size. The ADC generates multi-valued logic outputs rather than the conventional binary output system. The design implements cur

The interconnect and increasing chip density is still poses major threats to the continued development of large scale binary integrated systems and implementation in VLSI using traditional binary logic system. The design and simulation of a Multiple Valued Logic (MVL) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) circuit is presented in this paper. The ADC gen

A 2-digit higher radix analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit consisting of a combination of a pipelined ADC and a set of cascaded current comparator cell has been proposed. The ADC generates multi-valued logic outputs rather than the conventional binary output system. The design is implemented using 0.25μm CMOS process. The performance analysi

Waiting time is one of the factors that could affect a patient’s satisfaction. A study in the Ministry of Health (MOH) primary care clinic showed the average waiting time from registration to consultation was 41 minutes. In IIUM Family Health Clinic (FHC), we adopt MOH client charter for waiting time. The MOH waiting time for registration, consul

Critical thinking skills is one of the essential life-long learning skill which has always been recognized as an essential element in tertiary education. Thus it is incumbent for educators to incorporate critical thinking skills at all levels. At the International Islamic University Malaysia, this skills is introduced in the English for Academic Wr

OBJECTIVE Colonoscopy is the gold standard for investigation of lower GI symptoms. In elderly patients, colonoscopy may have an increased risk of complications. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and diagnostic yield of colonoscopy in patients aged 65 years and older. METHODS We reviewed retrospectively the endoscopic and pathologic

This coffee table book is a compilation of successful stories on the transformative teaching and learning at the Kulliyyah of Languages and Management, IIUM. The transformations have been made successful through the flagship project initiative as a platform to contribute to the society by looking into the problems and issues that are related to the

Buku mewah ini adalah sebuah kompilasi kisah-kisah kejayaan yang merangkumi transformatif pengajaran dan pembelajaran untuk Kulliyyah Bahasa dan Pengurusan, KLM. Kompilasi ini telah diterjemahkan melalui inisiatif projek flagship sebagai platform untuk menyumbang kepada masyarakat dengan meneliti masalah dan isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan sosial, ek

Cooperative multicast communication techniques for emerging broadband multimedia 22 services over WiMAX reduces network resource consumption, by broadcasting the data 23 simultaneously to multiple users independently of their number, on a common shared 24 downlink channel. Users distributed around the cell face different channel conditions 25 due t