Currently, virus separation process is mainly conducted by using ultracentrifugation or sucrose gradient electrophoresis methods. Both methods however have several drawbacks wherein the ultracentrifugation method requires very high rotational speed to separate the virus while the sucrose gradient electrophoresis method is very time consuming. Alter

A prominent researcher on the history of Malaysian land tenure, Judith Sihombing, argues in line with J. R. Innes that the land registration system was first introduced in labuan by virtue of the labuan Registration of Titles to land Ordinance No.7 of 1849 and not in Selangor under the Selangor Registration of Titles Regulation No. IV of 1891. whic

Problem-based learning (PBL) serves as an alternative tool in the teaching of law at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). IIUM emphasises on producing well-rounded graduates who are professionally qualified and who practice Islamic values. Problem-based learning has proven to be a very effective complementary tool in achieving this

Ensuring food and other consumer goods to be authentically halal is paramount for Muslims. Halal should involve approval of all ingredients and all food processing at any stage of the production - the concept of from farm to mouth. Bearing in mind that Muslim population is about 1.6 billion woridwide, many companies are looki at halal concept as a

Human development (HD), according to Ranis and Stewart (2000) is defined as the enhancement of the human situation so that people enjoy longer, healthier, and more meaningful lives. Some aspects of HD are related to people’s physical well-being, such as health, nutrition, and education. Other aspects of HD encompass widening of choice and enhance

The concentration of pollutants emitted from industrial production are generally toxic and hazardous, which can be a serious health risk to humans not limited to respiratory ailments (asthma, bronchitis, tuberculosis, etc) but also to the photosynthesis in plants. In this study, a pilot scrubber system for PM10 control has been designed using data

This paper presents an investigation into dynamic simulation and controller optimization based on genetic algorithms (GAs) for a single-link flexible manipulator system in vertical plane motion. The dynamic model of the system is derived using the Lagrange equation and discretised using the finite difference (FD) method. GA optimization is used to

In this research, particle swann optimisation (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) are used to model a single-link flexible manipulator. Investigations focus on characterizing the system from input torque to hub-angle, hub-velocity and end-point acceleration. A simulation environment characterizing the system behaviour in vertical motion is used as a p

Background The quinoline alkaloids are a group of alkaloids with diverse structural types. The 4-oxygenated quinolone and 2-substituted 4-quinolone are the types of quinoline alkaloids that possess the chromophore structures which are similar to the pharmacophore of the conventional 4-quinolone antimicrobial agents. Therefore it is presumed that th

Islamic banking started with the objective of providing a banking system that conforms to the Shari'h, with the absence of interest or riba. Nonetheless, it has increasingly become evident that a convergence is taking place between the conventional and Islamic banking systems. Indeed, most Islamic financial contracts are now tied to the market