A group key management has an important role in multicast security in order to achieve data integrity and confidentiality. Key trees are ideal for a group of users to efficiently and securely share a common secret key, the group key, which can encrypt transmitted data, or other session keys that protect group communication. A new group key manageme

Sticker system has been introduced in 1994 as a model for DNA computing using the re-combination behaviour of DNA molecules. A sticker model is an abstract computational model which uses the Watson-Crick complementarity principle of DNA molecules. Starting from the incomplete double-stranded sequences, and by iterative sticking operations, complete

BackgroundHigh flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) has gained popularity in recent years in the treatment of respiratory failure in post-extubation of non-surgical and surgical patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the role of HFNOT in reducing the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) and post-extubation

Purpose In the past, waqf was able to significantly contribute towards the ummah welfare. While the potential remains in this contemporary era, a contrast situation on waqf can be observed in many Muslim countries, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, most of existing waqf assets are not productive. Yet the actual collection of cash waqf is reported

The signifcant value of renewable resources used for food packaging has motivated consumer demand, thereby driving consumers to pay closer attention to biodegradable packaging applications. Polylactic acid (PLA) together with durian skin fbre (DSF), epoxidized palm oil (EPO) and cinnamon essential oil (CEO) have been used to produce thin flm via th

Introduction: Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is known for its health and therapeutic benefits. However, the immunomodulatory effects of VCO have not been extensively investigated. Objective: The present study was devoted to examining the effects of VCO on cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced toxicity of lymphoid tissues. Methods: Thirty healthy male Wistar rats

Recycled cooking oil was used to save costs. The practice is worrying as recycled cooking oil taken from non-halal food premises should not be used by halal food premises. Therefore, an appropriate method should be developed in order to monitor the halal status of these cooking oils. Means of identifying recycled cooking oils (palm oil) that have b

A number of Malaysian cities are experiencing severe traffic congestion resulting from rapidly increasing vehicle ownership and usage, and the insufficient supply and inferior quality of public transport. The trend of congestion, frequent traffic accidents and air pollution is nowhere more prevalent in Kuala Lumpur where telecommuting is increasing

English in Indonesia has foreign language status. Nevertheless, the language is greatly significant to the country due to its numerous regional and global appeals. The current language policy of Indonesia ensures that the language is taught to children from junior high school level. However, as a reflection of a language that has not been prioritis

Despite some controversies, it is generally suggested that obesity imparts a higher risk of breast cancer, the most common cancer among women all over the world. Since obese people usually have higher serum levels of leptin, a hormone secreted by white adipose tissue, the hormone is suspected as the link between adiposity and breast cancer. In this