At the international level, conventions on the contracts for the carriage of goods by sea were gradually developed and four major legal regimes have emerged, namely, the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading 1924 (‘the Hague Rules’); the Hague Rules as Amended by the Brussels Protocol 1

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Bezerra et al. (2008) referred optimizing as a means to enhance the performance of a system or a process in order to acquire the maximum benefit from it. There are two ways how the performance of a system of process will be optimized. The common method is using classical method. Classical. optimization has been done by observing the influence of on

The beginning of 2019, marked yet a new navigation of IIUM as a ‘Community-Engaged University’ by announcing its endeavours towards a set of society-based designed programmes which opens its wings for the public involvement and placing stakeholders as the main beneficiary at its wake. Engaging with the immediate vision of the University, the Ku

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There are two different approaches to the prophetic concern regarding debt acquisition and the related rulings. The Prophet (peace be upon him) was recorded as having discouraged debt while other verbal traditions provided guidelines on how to manage debt in a socially responsible manner. This paper aims to analyse these two contrary views accordin

The advent of Industrial revolution 4.0 has resulted in unprecedented use of financial technology (fintech) to facilitate, produce and/or deliver financial products. Fintech is used by technology start-ups and incumbent financial institutions in developing innovative financial products and services while leveraging on such technologies as artificia

As an offshoot of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), the use of technology to produce and/or deliver financial products (fintech) is pervasively disruptive of traditional institutions and operations as manifested in innovative entities, products and services powered by such technologies as artificial intelligence (AI) and smart contra

One of the most exciting areas of signal processing is speech processing; speech contains many features or characteristics that can discriminate the identity of the person. The human voice is considered one of the important biometric characteristics that can be used for person identification. This work is concerned with studying the effect of appro

In the contemporary economic societies, the world is witnessing a vibrant transformation from vague economy to an economic reality; the emergence of the Islamic economic system has been in trial for almost five decades. The current achievements of Islamic banking and finance industry were believed to have realized through the accelerated efforts of