Food waste refers to food that is fit for human consumption, but is discarded after it is kept past its expiration date or allowed to spoil due to factors like food spoilage, market surplus, and individual shopping and eating habits. It is a common problem worldwide, including in Malaysia. In reality, one-third of the total food generated is wasted

Chitosan-based polymer is ideal for coating fruits in post-harvest treatment to maintain their quality as they can create a film and is biocompatible. The mechanical strength of chitosan (CH) can be enhanced by forming ionic crosslinking between CH molecules through tripolyphosphate (TPP) and surfactants, Tween 80. The presence of ginger essential

In this paper we discuss convergence and summability of the Fourier series of distributions in the domains where it coincides with smooth functions in eigenfunction expansions of the Laplace operator on the unite sphere. We consider representation of the distributions defined on the unit sphere by its Fourier-Laplace series by the spherical harmoni

This paper discusses the rise of Religious Pluralism in Malaysia in the light of Muslims‘ response perspective. The researcher seeks to explore the narrative of religious pluralism in Malaysia and to explain both the meaning and the historical background to objectively analyse their challenges to Muslim faith in Malaysia and thus explain the Musl

The term “classical” in past South East Asian and Malay writings, architectural discourse, cultural studies and urbanism has earlier related to a notion of ‘purity’ of form related to and the traditional vocabulary and forms arising mainly from timber constructions and, compositions. This article challenges these current definition by linki

The origins of Malay architecture is typically linked to its vernacular past and vocabulary, primarily expressed in its residential timber traditions and arising from its detailed timber artisanship and constructions. Its constructional ingenuities had evolved a rich diverse language and grammar with its own localised aesthetics. Localized skills o

Whenever the identity of Islam in the built environment is called for as part of identitymaking in the development of new public buildings including governmental institutions, general urban-scape of towns, interpretations of this requirement have demonstrated a range of cosmetically inclined cut-and-paste imageries with externally imported range of

This paper attempts to reconstruct the famed city of Melaka at its height in the 15th and 16th centuries, to its subsequent dispersion in the 17th to 19th centuries. Melaka’s cultural-political influences and impact as a center of the common Melayu based culture and civilisation can be gauged fromits original center in Melaka city as its initial

The pre-treatment of oilseeds prior to extraction process may affect oil yield and quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two drying methods on rambutan seed fat (RSF) yield and their oxidative stability, physicochemical properties, and crystal morphology. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used in the optimisation and

The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal properties of bambangan kernel fat (BKF) and palm stearin (PS) blends and their possibility as cocoa butter alternatives. The triglycerides, thermal behaviors, and crystal morphology of the BKF and PS blends were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), differential scannin