Enzymatic devulcanisation is one of the methods of recycling waste rubber tire. Among all devulcanised methods that are introduced, biological method is a safer choice because it does not include any harmful or toxic chemicals, and is normally not energy intensive. The process deems more efficient and less expensive compared to various other devulc

This paper studies the unique anthropology of the Cocos Malays of Cocos (Keeling) Island in Australia. The focus of the study is on the evolution and transformation of their dwelling architecture and culture. Cocos Island is an isolated coral atoll located in the vast Indian Ocean and it became a home for the small community of Cocos Malays. Cocos

Background: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, belonging to the family Compositae, has a long and successful history of use as a commercial sweetening agent. It originated from Paraguay and was first introduced into Malaysia in 1970s. The sweetening agents are the steviol glycosides which are 150 to 350 times sweeter than sugar. Currently in IIUM’s germp

This study documents results on scenic beauty preferences for thelandscapes of Fraser’s Hill. The results indicate that i) natural landscapes have influenced the tourism industry of Fraser’s Hill. ii) landscapes with good ecology and man-made attributes have significant relationship to scenic beauty iii) most tourists preferred viewing the land

There is no denying that throughout the ages awqaf (endowments) had a great contribution to make a comprehensive development of, not only Islamic, but also human civilization. Thus, taking an attempt to revitalize the role of awqaf is actually trying to bring back a gigantic voluntary institutional role to serve for the advancement of society and c

بعد الحرب الباردة اتخذت هيمنة الحضارة الغربية على بقية الحضارات العالمية تتشكل في الواقع، فأحدثت تقسيما غير بارز يفصل الغرب عن بقية العالم. لقد كان هذا التقسيم الوهمي وراء الهيمنة الثقافية لل

This paper seeks to confirm underlying components of Customer Retention Strategy in mobile phone services. The study adopted structural equation modeling to analyze the factors that constitute customer retention strategy. The study utilized 250 valid questionnaires administered to respondents at the International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala

Malaysia has a vision of becoming an international centre for education. It has formulated policies and programmes to achieve this noble vision. Several agencies have been established to operationalize these government educational programmes. In addition to these agencies, there are institutions that have also played remarkable roles towards educat

Security is one of the major issues in the existing era of modern communication system where the user base has exponentially increased. Currently, majority of the commercial services have switched to internet based services from its conventional pattern for better reachability to end-users. For the purpose of accessing the resources, the user needs

Providing ultimate security in sensitive transaction and communication of online premium application is still a question mark of standardization in the area of networking and security. It has been seen that currently majority of the authentication and authorization techniques are usually designed on the top of One Time Password on user trusted hand