Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil has been widely used in cosmetic and perfume industries, in alternative medicines, as well as in food industry as natural food additives. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and pressure of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) by carbon dioxide on the yield and quality of patchouli esse

Aims: To detect the presence of porcine or bovine gelatins in dental prophylaxis pastes used in Malaysia by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Materials and Methods: Four brands of commonly used dental prophylaxis paste in Malaysia were collected and labelled A, B, C, and D. Pure porcine and bovine skin gelatins were used as cont

القرآن الكريم منذ نزوله تعرّض لأنواع مختلفة من الطعن، وضروب شتى من القدح في الـمُنزل عليه . فأما في عصر التنزيل فإنّ الله قد كفى رسوله المستهزئين إنا كفيناك المستهزئين(الحجر:95)، وأليس ال�

مستخلص البحث تعرّض القرآن الكريم منذ نزوله لأنواع مختلفة من الطعن، وضروب شتى من القدح في الـمُنزل عليه r. وبعد عصر التنزيل، تكررت المطاعن في الذكر الحكيم، بل ظهرت بعض المطاعن لم تكن بالأمس. وقد

The world is suffering from chronic poverty, with around 3 billion of its population living below $2.50 per day and 80% living below $10 . The effects of poverty indiscriminately cut across race, nationality and religion. Multiple stakeholders in the public and private sectors have tried numerous methods to alleviate poverty. Different approaches h

This paper addresses the law of inheritance as detailed in the Qurʾān. It deals with the method used by the Qurʾān in this regard. It is so comprehensive in such a way that not a single person among the heirs of the deceased is left out (with the exception of the grandmother) even though the āyāt that tackled the issue are not more than four

Muslim libraries have undergone a long comprehensive history. Its existence which began since 6th century A.D. are recorded in written sources by Muslims and orientalists. Some of the sources are preserved until today as precious knowledge and intellectual heritage of human civilization. Hence, this writing introduces the unique aspects of Muslim l

Recently there have been numerous studies exploring the benefits of the coalition formation in a cognitive radio network and it has been shown that coalition formation tends to improve the performance of cognitive radio. In this paper we use the concepts from matching theory, specifically we use Gale-Shapley algorithm, to form the coalition among c

This paper focusing about the methods used for rice grading using image processing. Various approaches have been applied by previous researchers to solve different types of difficulties in grading the quality of rice. Machine vision has been used in most application of rice grader to differentiate rice grade based on special features such as shape,

Electro-mechanical impedance method is emerging as an important and powerful technique for structural health monitoring (SHM). Active elements of the technique are Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensor (PWAS) bonded on the structure. Modeling and simulation of PWAS and host structure play an important role in the SHM applications with PWAS. For decades