Providing a comprehensive and accessible examination of Shari’ah Law, this well considered introduction examines the sources, characteristic features, and schools of thought of a system often stereotyped for its severity in the West. In a progressive and graduated fashion, Mohammad Hashim Kamali discusses topics ranging from juristic disagreement

The concept of constitution and the constitutional process in Islamic states lasted centuries to formulate their legal structures. One of the most significant concepts of law that is affected by social and political developments is the constitutional law. The constitutional structure of Islamic states, especially Gulf States, are considerably diffe

Polygamy remains a controversial issue not only in Malaysia but also in many Muslim countries around the world. From the legal perspective, Muslim men, who choose to enter into polygamous marriages and abuse it, largely due to the absence of eff ective measures taken to curtail the problems bring this about. In Malaysia, these steps include the inc

Human recognizes speech emotions by extracting features from the speech signals received through the cochlea and later passed the information for processing. In this paper we propose the use of Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) to extract the speech emotion information to provide both the frequency and time domain information for analysis.

In this paper we introduce a concept of equilibrium for a non- cooperative game with fuzzy goals involving fuzzy parameters. This equilibrium is based on Zimmermann's approach for solving linear multiobjective problems with fuzzy goals and the concept of N-S equilibrium introduced by Zhukovskii for a non- coprative game with payoffs involving u

The purpose of this work is to summarize our latest research results about constant-current electroosmotic dewatering (EOD). The Terzaghi-Voigt combined model is used for the analysis of EOD of various solid-liquid systems by considering the creep deformation of the material. Bentonite clay, KC-flock, zinc oxide, and some of their mixtures are used

In this article a new method for the theoretical analysis of electroforced sedimentation (EFS) by use of the Terzaghi-Voigt combined model is presented. Zinc oxide and a mixture of zinc oxide and KC-flock are used as experimental materials. Both the electro-osmotic pressure gradient Epg and the modified consolidation coefficient Ce of the materials

Lactic acid has a wide range of applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. The global market for lactic acid in foods is estimated at 275,000 tons with average annual growth of 10 per cent. The persistent demand of pure and naturally produced lactic acid in food and beverage applications attracted researcher’s interest towards

This paper presents a novel approach of modeling human driving behavior in a more realistic way that can be effectively utilized in realizing intelligent transportation systems to ensure efficient, safe, secure and human-friendly vehicle control and transportations. A number of supporting systems based on individual driving behavior are identified.

Currently available various steady state and unsteady state (transient) methods for the measurement of thermal properties of food substances are limited and have several limitations. Modern research is in process of developing a device which is able to overcome these limitations. In this project a new device for measurement of thermal diffusivity w