Gain improvement in a dual-stage S-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (S-band EDFA) is demonstrated using a broadband fiber Bragg grating (FBG) operating in the conventional-band (C-band) region or a C-band/S-band wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) coupler which filters out the forward C-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in the amplifier

TARIKH 23 April pada setiap tahun, telah dinobatkan sebagai Hari Buku Sedunia dan Hari Hakcipta oleh Pertubuhan Pendidikan, Saintifik dan Kebudayaan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (UNESCO) pada tahun 1995. Ia sebenarnya telah diilhamkan daripada tradisi Catalan, yang lebih dikenali sebagai Festival of the Rose. Mengikut legenda, Saint George tela

Contemporary discussion about ‘religious fetishism’ includes two interrelated themes. First is the concept of religious fetishism itself which is associated to the tribal religions and totems who worshipped ‘an inanimate object for its magical power’ or the belief in the soul of the departed coming to dwell in anything that is tangible in h

Malaysia now has become less dependent on the primary commodity exports to generate economic growth and employment. But the recent financial crisis had indicated that Malaysia should not underestimate the importance of its primary commodity sector. In particular, the palm oil export performed beyond expectations during the Asian financial crisis, w

Malaysia is a multiethnic society where various racial grous live peacefully with one another. It is blessed with a visionary leadership and a sound education system.Education plays a significant role in Malaysia's development of its human resource and economy. Countries with multi-racial and multi-religious populations can benefit from the Mal

The debate over free trade and protection of the environment has been on the table of the WTO since its very inception. In 2001, the Doha Development Agenda initiated a set of negotiations on the relationship between the WTO and MEAs. However, the negotiations have so far failed to yield any tangible result. This paper examines the adequacy of the

The League of Arab States (LAS) has placed an equally important attention on economic matters whereby the Economic and Social Council of the League adopted resolution No. 1317 of the 1980 Amman Summit declaring the establishment of a Pan-Arab Free Trade Area. This paper investigates whether or not the LAS possesses the necessary prerequisites for a

Many of the current Malaysian medical information and emergency systems are still paper-based and stand alone systems that do not fully utilize the Internet, multimedia, wireless and real time technologies. This research work focuses on developing an integrated Emergency, Healthcare, and Medical Information System (IEHMS) that can overcome many of

Professional Ethics which concern one’s conduct of behavior and practice when carrying out professional work needs Itqan. The word Itqan is an Arabic word which has a close meaning to the English word perfection. Islam as a perfect and comprehensive religion set the bases for quality work. The order, discipline, accuracy, beautiful work, well tho

This paper presents an approach to establish models for tool life in end milling of titanium alloy Ti-6AI-4V using PCD inserts under dry conditions. Small central composite design (CCD) was employed in developing the tool life model in relation to primary cutting parameters such as cutting speed, axial depth of cut and feed. Flank wear has been con