The Barisan Nasional (BN), which won a landslide victory in 2004, was returned to power in the 2008 elections with reduced majority and the loss of five state assemblies. Dissatisfied with unfulfilled promises, the electorate protested by voting for a strong opposition. BN was additionally characterized by factionalism. Three major opposition parti

This study of three parliaments in Bangladesh during 1991–2006 argues that parliament has failed to become the centre of political and legislative activities. This is mainly because the ruling parties deliberately bypass parliament, while the opposition deserts it. The parliament has been dysfunctional for more than half of its tenure. For the sh

Malaysia is generally accepted by political scientists and sociologists as a 'divided society'. This concept posits profound and persistent cleavages within Malaysian society among various ethnic groups. However, contrary to expectations, Malaysia is widely accepted as a country where the different ethnic groups have co-existed peacefully a

This article analyses the causes, manifestation and consequences of political violence in Bangladesh. The analysis is based on two arguments: fi rst, that there is a cyclical relationship between inter-party confl ict, political violence, and inter-party enmity; and secondly, interparty confl ict and violence at the horizontal level leads to politi

By-elections held after the 12th general elections held on March 8, 2008 are of special significance as they indicate the level of support gained by the opposition as well as the receding popularity of the ruling coalition. The three by-elections (hence called tri-elections), one parliamentary and two state assemblies, held in April 2009 show that

Exposure to lead (Pb) can cause anemia, diseases of the liver and kidneys, brain damage and ultimately death. For these reasons, heavy metals must be removed as much as possible from water. The removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution using carbon nanotubes (CNT) as the adsorbent was investigated. The effects of pH were studied at 25°C. Batch

When empires and government systems fall, they hardly resurface.Few people are worried about a resurgence of monarchy or communism. However, the governing system i.e. the Islamic state(also democracy), which “died” in 1924 has regained popularity amongst Muslims. How does one explain this puzzle especially to the Western policy makers who are a

This book provides expert advice to master's and doctoral degree students on the entire dissertation process from selectiong a suitable topic for research to writing and presenting the thesis in an acceptable format. It shows that the scientific method applied in the West is rooted in Islam and was used by Muslim scholars. It shuns the dichotom

1- Anak luar nikah mesti bin atau binti Abdullah 2- Waniata onani ketika berpuasa

Marketing Islamic insurance (takaful) products does not imply exploiting the religious factor alone. Equally important is the marketing channel. As a marketing tool the agency system is vital. Insurance agents who sell policies are not employees of insurance companies. They work on a commission basis and thus are motivated by the volume of sales ma