This paper discusses the effect of propagation of electromagnetic waves through a cloud of very small particles. The size of these particles is normally less than 0.2 mm in radius, much smaller than the microwave wavelength; therefore it is possible to avoid laborious computation by using approximations. In this work we have checked the Rayleigh th

‘Islamic Economics Education in Southeast Asian Universities’ deliberates on an important, yet relatively neglected and under-written area in Islamic economics, i.e. Islamic economics education. In view of the importance of providing the necessary guidance in the integration and Islamization process in the discipline of economics, this book sta

Automatic adjustment rear view mirror system is designed to constitute for the weak points of the manual adjustment rear view mirror. This system determines the optimal position angle of the rear view mirror based on height of the driver, categorised as short, medium and tall. To achieve this target, the driver’s face coordinates are measured by

In Asia the tradition of using natural products for preservation and conservation of art works has been common along the history and still in practice. Malaysia being rich in natural resources the tradition of using local herbs, fruits and plants has been common among the craftsmen to preserve their cultural heritage. In this paper as the case stud

Desalination methods are used to convert saline/brackish water to drinkable freshwater. Major processes use either thermal energy (conventional distillation) or pressure energy (Reverse osmosis). Different methods of desalination are discussed and their influence on overall water production has been highlighted. With the increase in appreciation fo

Pelaburan yang dilakukan dalam aset kewangan seperti saham syarikat yang tersenarai di Bursa Malaysia dilaksanakan dengan harapan untuk meraih keuntungan dalam jangka masa panjang. Kajian ini menggunakan harga harian saham untuk tiga puluh syarikat yang tersenarai dalam Indeks Komposit Kuala Lumpur Bursa Malaysia FTSE (FBM30) pada tahun 2011. Kajia

A new widdrane sesquiterpene was isolated from Knema patentinervia by chromatographic methods. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1H–1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY NMR experiments. The compound showed no inhibition of leukemia cancer cell growth and no inhibition towards bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Bac

The increasing incidence of obesity has opened the gap to search for the adipogenic differentiation-inhibitory compounds from natural products. This has raised our concern to evaluate the effects of Garcinia species which is well-known for its phytochemical contents such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and xanthones. Despite its highest medical prope

Adapting texts from the Qur'an is considered one of the necessary requirements of eloquence and fluency for every speaker of the Arabic language and every literary man regardless of whether he composes poetry or writes prose. Adaptation is a phenomenon that is studies and analyzed by the scholars of eloquence and literary criticism. As for inte

In this study, we used α-mangostin, the major xanthone compounds and β-mangostin from Garcinia malaccensis Hk.f (locally known as “manggis burung”) and evaluate its in vitro activities on adipocyte differentiation, glucose uptake and related gene expression (pparγ and glut4) mechanism. Firstly, we elucidated the inhibitory effect of the comp