Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only
Ibn Khaldun lived and experienced the decline of Muslims dominance in the early 13th and 14th centuries. He wrote on the history of the world in his “Kitab al Ibar” with an introduction chapter, the Muqaddimah based on his personal involvement in the various episodes, intrigues, observations and experience. He developed the theory of ‘umran a