This article is about Ludovico di Varthema who was the first European non-Muslim to visit Makkah and Madinah and to record his journeys as well as impressions. He became famous for three reasons. First, he joined the exclusive club of avant-garde European explorers and discoverers. Second, he was a history-maker, in that he accomplished things no o

Healthcare spaces is one of the earliest spaces where barrier free concept of space design is being accepted and regularised as part of the essential building requirement. Spaces in healthcare buildings support activities that support the function of making ease in the delivery of care to sustain live and care for the decease. The paper introduces

Hermeneutical approach in dealing with the Qur’an as the holy book of Islam is wanted to be adopted by Muslims. Indeed, the issue of Qur’anic hermeneutics can illustrate this dimension of the meaning of hermeneia. The Qur’an was revealed in Arabic language onto the Prophet (PBWH), who was an inhabitant of a specific spacio-temporal world cons

One of the major components of the old town centre of Kota Bharu is the shophouses. The heritage features are diverse from another town centre due to local characteristic influences. This paper aims to revisit the old shophouses in Kota Bharu city centre from the British Colonial up to the present day, in order to examine the cultural heritage alon

A plasticized polymer electrolyte system composed of PVDF-HFP, potassium iodide (KI), and equal weight of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) has been used in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The electrolyte with the composition 40wt. %PVDF-HFP-10wt.%KI-50wt.%(EC + PC) exhibits the highest room temperature ionic conductivity of

The inclusion of mobility-based Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices accelerates the data transmission process, thereby catering to IoT users’ demands; however, securing the data transmission in mobility-based IoT is one complex and challenging concern. The adoption of unified security architecture has been identified to prevent side-channel attacks

Temperature control is important in energy management of buildings. Air conditioning system contributes a high percentage of the total energy consumption, the compressor, which is a major component of the Air conditioning system, utilizes up to 90% of the energy. This can drastically be reduced by varying the frequency of the compressor with respec

Tourism provides opportunities for local regional development but as the brisk growth it exerts pressure on environmental and cultural resources. The environmental problems have reached over the limit of pressure where the natural ecosystem is unable to absorb the stresses of accelerating economic growth and human population rapid growth. Thus, it

Sales enablement sensing-as-a-service (SESaaS) is an organisation’s future process management for any sales management operation. With an expanding base of dynamic customer demands and the adoption of multiple technological advancements, there is a high possibility that humancentric sales management will be transformed into a fully automated form

Purpose – The Goods and Services Tax (GST) implementation in Malaysia had raised various responses from many parties involved when the new tax was introduced in 2015 until its abolishment in 2018. GST complexity has been stated as part of the reasons for its resistance and abolishment. The purpose of this paper is to identify causes of GST comple