To design a STOM on the criterion of energies of each frame is one of the popUlar methods. In this each frames energy is calculated, a frame with lower energy is the best candidates among all users' speech frames. Dropping the frame with lmvest energy may degrade quality at its minimum as compared to the higher energy signals. This is also perc

At low bit rates speech is coded frame by frame, each frame of a size of 20-30ms. Perceptually, each frame may be different, depends upon the speech signal properties (voiced or unvoiced). The frames with lower perception may be one of the potential candidates to be dropped and reconstructed to maximize the bandwidth of the systems. This chapter ex

This paper aims to discuss the major reasons which have led to early divorce among Malaysian community, and attempt to come out with solutions to the issue to guarantee the continuity of Muslim family life in harmony, peace and happiness. Similarly, this study aims to highlight the wisdoms and the objectives of Shari’ah (Maqasid Shari’ah) in th

In a reality of clashing visions and perspectives, vision becomes murky, foundations become shaky, and smoky fumes rule over all. History tends to repeat itself, so after Imam al-Māwardī released his realistic vision justifying Islamic governance in his book Al-Aḥkām al-Ṣulṭāniyyah, Imam al-Juwaynī came out with his own book, Ghiyāth al

إن القرآن ال كريم هو الهداية الأولى للناس بما حوى من قواعد الحق وضمانات النجاة ،والسنة كسفينة نوح من ركبها نجا ومن تنكب طريقها غرق؛ وهرم الرواية التي حملت السنة يشهد بعظمة الأمة في منهجيتها لص�

This paper discusses the methodology of violence used by modern extremist groups that affiliate themselves with Islam, particularly al-Qaeda and ISIS. With the rise of groups claiming to wage jihad, the public has a difficult time discerning traditional concepts from modern aberrations. Furthermore, the groups themselves seem to be alike. The exami

This study examines the extent of Islamic influence on the Ninety-nine Laws of Perak. It adopts the legal-anthropological functional approach, which regards law as the means by which conflict and disputes are resolved in the society and as a system that operates in conjunction with other schemes to regulate and control the social order. It emphasiz

The design of multiplexer operation can be based upon certain simulation parameters. In this chapter a design of STDM is based upon some parameters considering a 64 Kbps satellite channel. Allowing each user a capacity of 6.4kbps, 10 users can be multiplexed in a normal situation. Using VAD and packet discarding for each of the users allmv more use

A great number ofspeech coding has been developed in recent years and many others are in their advanced level of development. Most of these encoding algorithms use hybrid methodology of wavefonn coding and voice coding commonly knov.m as (vocoding). The speech quality ofthese coders is comparable with Pulse Code Modulation (PCM); a popular encoding

Speech activity and non-activity is a scenario in which each activity (talkspurt) and non-activity (silence) may vary in size. Some talkspurts may be many frames and others may be only a few frames long, considering each frame of speech of 20-30ms. In this chapter a dynamic talker activity analysis is provided through statistical measures to descri