Nipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) is a useful and widely distributed palm in Southeast Asia, but its habitats are declining due to industrial development. Information on genetic diversity, geographical differentiation, and phylogenetic relationships among the populations is important in order to develop conservation strategies for this species. In this

Competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for rapid detection of porcine gelatin in edible bird's nest (EBN). Three ELISAs were developed by using polyclonal rabbit antibodies against porcine species-specific amino acid sequences of collagen a2 (I) chain (pAb1 and pAb2) and a1 (I) chain (pAb3). The limit of de

Obesity statics in Malaysia rank sixth with highest adult obesity rate in Asia. Therapeutic Lifestyle-change diet (TLC-Diet) is advised by health practitioners to over-weight/obese patients as one component of lifestyle modification therapy. However, there is limited data on obesity-status and diet-pattern among health-practitioners who are dealing

Swarm robotics is concerned with the decentralised coordination of multiple robots having only limited communication and interaction abilities. Although fault tolerance and robustness to individual robot failures have often been used to justify the use of swarm robotic systems, recent studies have shown that swarm robotic systems are susceptible to

Medicinal plants and various extracts are traditionally used to treat ailments, disease and infections. Traditionally, organic solvents, water and oil were and are still used for the extraction of herbal medicine and often boiling (percolation) and vigorous techniques to separate the bioactive compounds were employed. Along with the advent of green

Developing countries are keen to venture into biotechnology and benefit from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by them and by others. Agricultural biotechnology is relatively more important for them because in future their population will keep on growing. While joining the biotechnology race, especially in the agricultural sector, it is importa

A critical overview of human rights from western perspective reveals their deficiencies in conceptualization, flaws in formulation, and injustices in application. This all is due to political agendas, economic pressure and culturally biased viewpoints. They often serve the interests of certain organizations. As such they carry the residues of colon

The major focus of past literature on Al-Maqid was on developing the theory, and most of the discussion centered on its legal dimensions. The pioneering works emanated from scholars such as, Al-Juwayni (n.d), Al-Ghazali (1901), Al-Shatibi (n.d), Ibn ‘Ashur (1998) and Ibn Taymiyyah (al-Raysuni, 1992). Recently, the application of Al-Maqid in vario

Fuzzy measure and Choquet integral are effective tools for handling complex multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problems in which criteria are inter- dependent. The identification of a fuzzy measure requires the determination of 2n −2 values when the number of criteria is n. The complexity of this problem increases exponentially, which makes

This paper deals with the issue of efficiency in the Goal Programming (GP) model. A general approach for the determination of an efficient solution of GP is presented. An efficiency test for the GP solution is developed; moreover, when this solution is not efficient, an efficient solution that dominates it is determinedJournal of the Operational Re