Islamic architecture is not concerned about the form buildings only. Islamic architecture signifies a process where all the phases and aspects are equally imposratnt. It is almost impossible to identify a phase or an aspect in that process and consider it more important than the others. The Islamic architecture process starts with having a proper u

The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and development of Madinah attempts to identify and examine some principles of Islamic urban planning and development, which the Prophet (pbuh) under the aegis of revelation had bequeathed to the subsequent Muslim generations. This book discusses a number of vital urbanization and development issues as advanced by the Is

This book titled “Islam, architecture & urban planning” is a compilation of studies on the relationship between spirituality and built environment in Islam. The book consists of twelve chapters representing twelve separate studies nine of which were presented in one national and eight international conferences and symposiums held in six dif

The International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM) was founded in 1983 upon a renewed awareness of the perennial values of the teachings in the Al-Quran and Sunnah and is dedicated to the reorientation of the ummah and mankind towards this end. The first Mission Statement of IIUM stated that it would ‘…undertake the special and greatly nee

This book discusses several vital, yet often misunderstood, themes pertaining to the history and character of the Islamic built environment. The themes discussed are: - An introduction to the character of early Islamic architecture (from 11H/632CE to 97H/715CE) - A reading of the philosophy of rich decoration in Islamic architecture - City planning

This book discusses the philosophy of decoration in Islamic architecture. The book, however, is not written from a pure architecture perspective. The nature of its studies is a philosophical or conceptual rather than a empirical one. The book is divided into five chapters. The first two chapters, namely “The Concept of Decoration in the Holy Qur&

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruptions not only to our health and wellbeing but also to our socio-norms, economy, politics, culture and education, to name a few. Most countries that have been affected have taken drastic action by implementing a lockdown to flatten the curve of infection. The Malaysian government has imposed a Mo

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on several loci and mutations on PTEN tumor suppressor gene (10q23.3) occur frequently in sporadic gliomas. We have performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-LOH analysis using microsatellite markers and single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis to determine the incidence of allelic losses on chromosom

Recent advances in neuro-oncology have revealed different pathways of molecular oncogenesis in malignant gliomas including loss of heterozygosity on chromosomal regions harboring tumor suppressor genes. In the present study, we performed polymerase chain reaction-loss of heterozygosity (PCR-LOH) analysis using microsatellite markers to identify los

The positioning systems generally need a good controller to achieve high accuracy, fast response and robustness. In addition, ease of controller design and simplicity of controller structure are very important for practical application. For satisfying these requirements, NCTF (nominal characteristic trajectory following controller) has been propose