Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is the extension of the H.264/AVC standard. The SVC has good capability in video transmission systems because of its scalability which can adapt in different network conditions, especially in low bit rate transmission. The objective of this paper is to develop the low bit rate video coding for assisting the remote operat

One of the main objectives of the widely used MPEG4 audio standard was to provide a technical framework for audio coding suited for low bit rate wireless communication. All variants of the MPEG4 audio coders use a Linear Prediction (LP) filtering system. The LP filter coefficients are calculated based on the Line Spectral Frequencies (LSF) paramete

Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) involves not only attributes that are precise or crisp, but also values that are not deterministic. Currently, Fuzzy TOPSIS presents a solution for decision makers when dealing with real world data that are usually multi attributes and involves a complex decision making process. In this work, an application of

Fast mode decision is the developed algorithm intended for selectively choosing the mode decision used by the encoder. The default is the scalable video coding model \vhich is represented by Joint Scalable Video Model (JSVM). It has many mode decisions which are involved during the encoding process. The mode decisions are applied for motion predict

Introduction: Critical size defect (CSD) is defined as a defect that will not heal without intervention within the lifetime. The gold standard treatment for CSD is bone graft, although with some limitations. Substitute biomaterials were introduced to overcome the limitations. JectOS and MIIG® X3 are commercially available biomaterials in the marke

Scalable video coding (SVC) is classified as layered video codec which is the extension of H.264/AVC standard [I, 2]. SVC based layered video coding is suitable for different usecases and different bitstream e.g., supporting heterogeneous devices with a single, scalable bitstream. Such a stream allows for delivering a decode-able and presentable qu

There are some video standards that are used in the digital life. The video standard is used for respective purposes such as storage, video streaming, or video transmission. In order to encode the video files into some specific standard video, the video encoder software is required to perform the video processing. For the well-established video cod

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Consent is recognized under Islamic Law as a necessary element in any social relationship (mu`amalat) between individuals. The importance of mutual consent between parties is regarded as predominant in various economic and non-economic activities, including business transactions, marriage contracts, punishment of criminal offenders and even for tho

This paper discusses the concept of restorative justice in Islamic criminal law leased upon the Shari’ah. Many people have discussed about the punishments provided in the Qur’anic text and traditions of the Prophet S.A.W which is under the retributive justice and failed to highlight the existence of restorative justice in which shari’ah empha