Due to the transition to digital TV (DTV); recently, many countries allow TV white spaces to be used by unlicensed devices. TV White Spaces is considered as an important step towards providing broadband access to millions of digital dividend household around the world and enabling a wide range of innovative wireless devices and services. The key ch

This paper describes the design and development process of an online Arabic vocabulary games learning prototype for elementary learners at the Centre for Foundation Studies (CFS), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The effort to produce this learning prototype is an attempt to integrate game-based learning in an online environment, t

Bio-protein is one of the products of biotechnology innovation which is a promising substitute for conventional human and animal feed supplement. In order to develop optimum media parameters for bio-protein from banana peels (BP), solid sate bioconversion (SSB) involving fungal and yeast systems was performed. Single factor optimization result show

Behaviour of successful leaders includes empowering and enabling team to inspired a shared vision. As a partner in a team, they ignite the spark and create the mutual and respectful working environment. This is also driven by specific values in the leader such as integrity, empathy and humility. The outcome can be seen in the development of trustin

Economic and technological globalization has created concerns that affect all of humanity. Transformations of space and time, the media’s hyperrealization of reality, and hypermodern capitalism, for example, are experienced by societies across the world. Speculative fiction (sf) is a genre that adequately expresses this new reality. While sf has

Decreasing partnership based modes could be adopted with advantage for financing asset procurement as well as projects in a variety of situations. The shari‘ah admissibility of this mode essentially depends on the reality and independent functioning of the various contracts. Diverse capacities the parties undertake through the component contracts

In studying Islamic law, it becomes evident that in many areas, the relevant rulings are linked together by a fundamental conception that acts as the foundation for all the related rulings. These fundamental conceptions dictate the structural framework of the relevant area, providing shape to the rulings governing diverse issues. These underlying t

In this paper we have proved that every 3-connected K_{1;3}B_{2;5} (or K_{1;3}B_{3;4})-free graph is Hamiltonian.EVERY 3-CONNECTED CLAW-FREE Bi;7�i-FREE GRAPH IS HAMILTONIAN KHIKMAT SABUROV1;, MANSOOR SABUROV2 1Department of Mathematics, University of West Bohemia, and Institute for Theoretical Computer Science (ITI), Charles University, P.O

A detailed description of the vaporization of an isolated droplet has been carried out in this experimental study aimed at investigating ethanol and another aliphatic alcohol, 1-propanol. The characterization of the vaporization phenomenon is necessary for this liquid fuel to develop efficient design of injection systems for propulsion and power ge

The use of green materials is a vital component in tackling problems of environmental protection. At the same time, these materials help solve problems arising from the shortage and undegradable nature of petroleum-based materials. Among the numerous green material sources in Malaysia, the sugar palm tree is a versatile plant that can produce biofi