Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) blends have been developed offering various advantages and required no state-of-the-art processing machinery, while scrap and rejects are recyclable. The use of thermoplastic and elastomer however posses several limitations due to the increasing prices of plastics and natural rubber over the past few years. Hence, ef

Timbuktu civilization began as a seasonal settlement for trade caravans in the early 11th century. It later flourished in trade and as one of the early African centres of Islamic culture. This paper reviews the trend of Timbuktu civilization from prehistoric period up to the current state of its political impact of the region. The paper further foc

The emergence of Boko Haram uprising in 2002 in the Northern part of Nigeria has continued to pose serious threats to Nigeria’s national security. Religious sensitivity and a long time economic marginalisation of the north favor the growth of the insurgence in the region. Going by the weak approach form of the government, the recurrent violence m

Border issues are political problems in Africa. The border conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea was one of the contentious wars faced by the international community. To manage this conflict, the same community established border commission to draw up the boundaries and demarcate the borderline. Ethiopia was however insolent and in effect discarded

In the recent times, the Republic of Mali has been striving to restore peace and harmony in the state. The conflict initiated by insurgent Islamist groups fighting against the Malian government for independence in northern Mali. The revolt against the government is associated with the implementation of shariah laws. Despite the current decrepit pol

Effective and safe management of large crowds during Hajj are vital as the statistics of pilgrims or hujjaj are reaching four million per season in the coming years. Capturing the underlying psychological and social factors affecting this crowd type before the Hajj season could yield efficient safety practices, evacuation simulations, and injury pr

and rainfall rate (R), identified as Z-R relationships have been derived to facilitate the rainfall rate estimation by weather radar. Most of the previously proposed Z-R relationships were implied as too generalized and only applicable within the region that has identical climate characteristics or behavior. Based on such notion, the most accurate

Information is one of the most crucial assets of current day organizations. However, managing this information has become a never ending challenge. Adequate security and privacy are of great essence for information systems containing valuable data and information. Leakage of such information can facilitate large-scale identity theft and successful

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of daily physical activity on other physiological parameters in young healthy adults and conducted at Basic Medical Sciences Department laboratory in Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia. Ninety nine undergraduate first year pharmacy students aged 20 to 23 years old both ma

Improving navigation performance of autonomous wheeled mobile robot (WMR) in a dynamic unstructured environment requires improved maneuverability. In such cases, the dynamics of wheel slip may violate the ideal no-slip kinematic constraints generally used to model nonholonomic WMR. In this paper, a new method is proposed to tackle the modeling inad