The Letter of Credit (LC) serves as an instrument of payment in international trade. Its aim is to facilitate trade between seller and buyer in different countries. To date, the Islamic banking environment promotes the use of the Islamic LC as a method of financing in international trade, particularly to Muslims and to the general public as a whole

A new architecture to realize a modular, high speed, reconfigurable, digital Rank Order Filter (ROF) is presented in this paper. A bit-level algorithm by Kar and Pradhan has been modified in this work to implement the proposed ROF. Using the proposed digital rank selection circuit it is possible to find the element of a certain rank in a given sequ

Background: The influence of intraluminal thrombus (ILT) on the proteolytic environment within the wall of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is unknown. This is the first study to examine the correlation between ILT thickness and the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their natural inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloprotein

System identification in vibrating environments has been a matter of concern for researchers in many disciplines of science and engineering. In this paper, a sound approach for a Twin Rotor Multi-input Multi-Output System (TRMS) parametric modeling is proposed based on dynamic spread factor particle swarm optimization. Particle swarm optimization (

The concern for and the debate on “objectivity” in the scientific study of religions led scholars to advocate two major approaches known as “History of Religion” and “Phenomenology of Religion.” Both approaches are claimed to be “descriptive” and “value-free” as they stringently enforce the principle of epochê or distanciation

Electrical Discharge machining (EDM) is a thermal process in which sparks discharging with high energy density at high temperatures are used to melt and evaporate a small amount of workpiece. Under this condition, both the cutting tool (electrode) and the workpiece are subjected to very intensive heat energy generated in the system, and thus implyi

A dynamic control system design has been a great demand in the control engineering community, with many applications particularly in the field of flight control. This paper presents investigations into the development of a dynamic nonlinear inverse-model based control of a twin rotor multi-input multi-output system (TRMS). The TRMS is an aerodynami

This paper presents a scrutinized investigation to control the rigid body motion of a laboratory scale helicopter, a twin rotor multi input multi output system (TRMS), using PID control. The controller is optimized using a real-coded genetic algorithm (GA). Instead of working on the conventional bit by bit operation in binary coded GA, both the cro

In this investigation, the powder metallurgy (PM) electrode developed from cobalt (Co)and chromium (Cr) powders was used in electrical discharge machining (EDM). This new Co-Cr sintered electrode was used to machine mild steel workpiece with kerosene dielectric fluid. The main objective is to modify its surface characteristics and secure increased

Muslims are lagging behind in many areas in the today’s world. One main reason for that is the concept of and belief in Predestination. This concept of and belief in Predestination is consequent upon interpretation of certain verses in the Qur’an and certain sayings of the Last Prophet (s.a.w.). Eleven verses from the Qur’an and five traditio