Urinalysis was used in previous studies among higher institution students (n=16252) in Malaysia to answer the question of whether university students are involved in drug abuse. However, the use of urinalysis had faced some problems. The problems were related to human rights issues and the cost to perform the urinalysis was expensive and quite impo

Over the past decade, ecologists have tried to determine how changes in species composition and diversity affect ecosystem structure and function. Until recently, the majorities of these studies have been conducted in terrestrial ecosystems and have not taken into account environmental variability. Nowadays, humans tend to neglect water as part of

There is an increasing pursuit of utilizing plants as a gear to predict, describe and diagnose environmental stresses. Being united swiftly with their environments, granting them to offer beneficial information on the condition of the aquatic environment. The aquatic plant species are effectively reliable indices as water status indicators. Their a

Nutrient enrichment or eutrophication is a process of increasing plant nutrients in water bodies, frequently due to run-off from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life. Eutrophication process is assisted by internal and external sources of nutrients such as nitrogen fixation and phosphate. In freshwater ecosystem, anthropogenic source

Recent advancements in recombinant DNA technology proved to be a promising and effective approach for more sustainable large scale productions of many therapeutic proteins. Nevertheless, since this approach involves expression of proteins in a nonnative host microorganism, the overall production processes are not straight-forward due to several com

This study analyzed the traditional knowledge of plants used in traditional bath which known as mandiserom in Malay culture. Mandiserom is an important traditional way in postpartum practice among Malay communities in Perak and Negeri Sembilan. The study was carried out through face to face interviews with Malay midwives as the respondents and coll

This article is on the concept of sanctity of contract under Islamic law with special reference to decided cases on Islamic banking in Malaysia. Islamic law recognizes generally the concept of sanctity of contract that is based on the principle that every contract needs to be fulfilled and every contracting party is obliged to honour to what has be

This paper is on the concept of sanctity of contract under Islamic law with special reference to decided cases on Islamic banking in Malaysia. Islamic law recognizes generally the concept of sanctity of contract that is based on the principle that every contract needs to be fulfilled and every contracting party is obliged to honour to what has been

Carotenoids are bioactive compounds with remarkably special properties produced by plants in response to internal and external stresses. In this review paper, we focus on the subject of carotenoid biosynthesis and several factors that have been reported to significantly enhance or reduce carotenoid accumulation in studied plant species. These facto

The Muslim scholars are in general agreement that women are not entitled to hold the topmost public office of a nation. Is that due to certain provisions in the Qur'an and Prophetic traditions (ahadith) or is it due largely to socio-cultural and economic settings of a country? The Qur'an urges women not to make dazzling display publicly as