Purpose(s): There are two objectives of this present study. First, it intends to scrutinize the challenges in implementing PPP by examining the factors that hinder the successful adoption of PPP in Malaysia. Second, it aims to investigate the differences in the perceptions of the Government and the private sector pertaining to the hindrance factors

Cysteine has a wide application in pharmaceutical, foods and cosmetic industries. In the biological system, through its unique properties of sulfur and thiol, cysteine also plays important roles in stability, structure, catalytic activity,and regulation of numerous proteins. In nature, cysteine can be found in animal proteins, fruits, vegetables, l

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the rhetorical structure of the abstracts of the Islamic research articles. It therefore analyzes the rhetorical structure of the abstracts of the Islamic research articles written for research papers in journals and devoted to various topics in Islam. For this purpose 100 abstracts were chosen from

The International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) is committed to the Integration of Islamic values in the Human Knowledge (IOHK), which is the core of its vision and mission. One of the main concerns of IOHK is to determine indicators to evaluate the implementation of IHOK at IIUM, and other Malaysian public institutions of higher learning. Thi

Cysteine and glutathione (GSH) are important low molecular mass thiols or sulfhydryl compounds that play numerous important roles in metabolism. They also have myriads of applications in industry including pharmaceutical, cosmetic and foods. These compounds naturally occur in plants but less was focused on extracting them from plant sources. Garlic

The doctrine of vicarious liability as developed under the common law imposes liability on the employers for negligence of their employees but not for independent contractors. As such, employers have become more and more creative in finding ways and methods to classify their staff as independent contractors in order to absolve themselves from legal

End of life decisions constitute one of the areas in medical practice in which ethical dilemmas and legal interventions have become increasingly prevalent. As continuous technological and pharmacological advances prolong life expectancy of those suffering from terminal illnesses, the medical profession is constantly confronted with difficult decisi

The ammonical nitrogen removal in discharged effluents from a typical sewerage treatment plant has not been consistent with the stringent discharge standards. There is the need to optimize the energy consumption as well as improve the ammonical nitrogen removal in the treatment plant. This study reports the investigation of the behaviour of process

The issue of quality education in higher learning institutions is timely and crucial due to the government’s aspiration to turn Malaysia into a centre of educational excellence in the Asian region. Quality education acts as an indicator of the institution’s ability to provide tertiary education to the society as well as an instrument for the na

Registration delay is a significant issue for mobile network due to increase traffic load with handoff latency at the time of frequent movement from one subnet to another of Mobile Router (MR) in NEMO Basic Support protocol (NEMO BSP). Hence, a network-based localized protocol (i.e. PMIPv6) is integrated with NEMO in order to solve these matters. Y