Public squares function as open spaces where people can conduct many activities and events in the city. The ‘life’ of squares evolves and changes according to the contemporary demands of the people. Learning from the evolution of the City Square in Melbourne, Australia, this study aims to analyse how its designs changed over the years in order

This paper shall review on the estimation of distribution function for both parametric and nonparametric empirical likelihood method. The focus of this review is on empirical likelihood regression method behavior on censored data and how those methods affect the result of the simulation studies. Moreover, we looking into the case which is involve t

The role of higher education in any country is indeed very important as it acts as a catalyst to foster a harmonious, productive society with robust economic growth. Higher education is of tremendous help to nation building through its ability to generate highly skilled workforce.This paper examines the state of community engagement in Malaysian hi

Security is vital for many multicast-based application and services. Secure group key management is on of the challenging problems for multicast communication with large number of members. Where for each membership variation the group key must be updated and redistributed to all currently active members only. This causes a higher communication over

Focusing on a world class living environment, a good quality residential area can be highlighted as an important issue in creating a sustainable living environment. However, limited green spaces within the proximity of residential properties are not supporting the landscape space and are not conducive to living space. The aim of the paper is to inv

Temperature-dependent thermal coefficients of mathematical models of the postharvest storage process play an important role in determining the models accuracy. Thermal properties of tubers under storage available in literature are generally of those in semi processed form (skinless) such as those having undergone peeling, dicing and cutting actions

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is a technique used in oil and gas industries to increase the amount of crude oil production by injection of brine, a mixture of surfactant, water and seawater. As the results, crude oil contains brine which is corrosive. Surfactant is used to lessen the corrosion effect in addition to increase flowing of oil. In this st

Di zaman pertengahan Eropah mundur jauh di belakang tamadun Islam. Justeru itu ia turut dikenali sebagai zaman kegelapan (European Dark Ages) Bagaimanapun Eropah perlahan- lahan keluar dari kejumudan dan kemunduran tersebut dan akhirnya menguasai dunia. Sebenarnya transformasi yang dialami oleh Barat daripada era kegelapan (dark ages) kepada kemode

This paper presents a gravity optimised particle filter (GOPF) where the magnitude of the gravitational force for every particle is proportional to its weight. GOPF attracts nearby particles and replicates new particles as if moving the particles towards the peak of the likelihood distribution, improving the sampling efficiency. GOPF is incorporate

In recent years, online tutorials have become well-established tools for the delivery of information literacy training as information professionals continue to seek new and more effective ways to reach audiences. This paper focuses on a project at the Quranic Language Department (QLD), International Islamic University of Malaysia to develop a new a