Ultra-long Raman fiber lasers are of significant interest due to their application in the telecommunications industry. In this work we propose a self-pulsing ultra-long Raman fiber laser with a ring cavity configuration. A TrueWave® REACH fiber is deployed as the gain medium for the Raman fiber laser. Three laser cavities with different total cavi

Fish feeding system has three methods; manual, automatic and demand feeding. Demand feeding system serves feeds to fish, when fish switch on feeders. Although demand feeding system has advantages, there are still some problems; e.g. social status in fish. A few fish occupy the actuation of switch of the feeder, so results show the variation in fish

Citrus is one of the famous crops that widely cultivated and is the most commonly utilized fruits in the world due to its pleasant taste and nutritional value. Citrus essential oil is also highly in demand by consumer but the production cost is quite expensive as it produced in very low quantity. Moreover, the chemical compositions in citrus essent

European ideas traveled to the Afro-Asian world through colonialism. Among European ideas, the concept of nationalism made the most permanent impact on Afro-Asian continent. This is primarily due to the fact that it enabled non-Europeans to rid themselves of European colonialism. Nationalism is definitely a powerful ideological tool for the subcont

The tension between Sufism and sharīcah, i.e., the conflict of wujūdiyyah in Acheh in the 17th century had led Ṣūfī scholars, particularly cAbd al-Ra’ūf al-Fanṣūrī to seek the convergence between Sufism and sharīcah. Therefore, this study is carried out to examine the efforts of cAbd al-Ra’ūf to reconcile Sufism with sharīcah. It

Malay city was one of the oldest civilization in the world which contains unique identity of architecture, the urban design characteristic and the urban form of city planning. Kota Bharu was an example for one of the Malay city which contains the historical building which originally build from 1840 onwards that still exist in peninsular Malaysia. T

Air pollution can harm human health, cause-effect to the environment and trigger factor to property damage. Various researches have proven the connection between air quality and human health. The previous research on epidemiology and laboratory studies demonstrated that ambient air pollutants (for example PM, O3, SO2 and NO2) contribute to various

A dose-response study was designed to assess toxicity effects of standardized O. stamineus aqueous extract (OSAE) in adult male Sprague Dawley rats via oral gavage for 60 days. Animals were observed for clinical signs. Body weight gain, food and water consumption and reproductive performance were measured. Animals were sacrificed and blood samples

Introduction: The risk of developing malnutrition increases with advancing age. It has the potential to place significant burdens on healthcare and other support services. However, studies with regards to malnutrition among community-dwelling elderly population in Malaysia is scarce specifically in Kuantan. The objective of this study was to determ

Strategies that have been successful in promoting breastfeeding practice and to increase breastfeeding education include mother-to-mother support and close contact with breastfeeding support members through home visits. The objective of this study is to explore the experience of traditional massage practitioners in promoting and supporting breastfe