Hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality. With increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance, the importance of optimizing antibiotic treatment is key to maximize treatment outcomes. This is especially important in critically ill patients in intensive care units, in whom th

RepRap (Replicating Rapid Prototyper) is an open-source 3D printer which current revolution from rapid prototyping technology. The technology has become well-known to the public and starting to widely commercialize in the market. The low cost and flexibility of the open-source 3D printer become the alternative for making three-dimensional parts. Th

Newly introduced ICDAS II as a visual method, laser fluorescence as another technique that have ability to quantify early mineral loss of tooth structure and intra oral radiograph, are methods can be used in the clinic. To provide standardization for comprehensive caries management at an early stage, all methods supposed to be tested between users.

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) or three-dimensional (3D) printing are becoming ubiquitous today because it allows the fabrication of 3D products directly from computer-aided design software. The quality of 3D parts is influenced by several parameters that need to be carefully tuned to obtain a high-quality final product. The surface finish of the

The Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology has been developed since its original introduction, leading to a significant improvement in the manufacture of high-quality finished products. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a RP technology that has been widely used because of the flexibility of the FDM process. Despite the popularity of the FDM machines, c

Model-based glycemic control offers direct management of patient-specific variability and better adaptive control. Implementation of the model-based glycemic control has the potential to reduce hyperglycemia episodes, mortality and morbidity as seen in some successful TGC. The design of any TGC must consider not only the glycemic target range but a

The purpose of the guidance sent by Allah through Prophets and Messengers (peace and blessings of Allah be upon them) is for human beings to achieve happiness in this world and the Hereafter. Happiness is the ultimate purpose of all human endeavours; the goal pursued by all human beings regardless of their religious and cultural differences. What i

While texturing of workpiece surfaces to promote lubrication in metal forming has been applied for several decades, tool surface texturing is rather new. In the present paper, tool texturing is studied as a method to prevent galling. A strip reduction test was conducted with tools provided with shallow, longitudinal pockets oriented perpendicular t

Stamping of sheet metal components without lubrication or using minimum amount of hazard free lubricant is a possible solution to diminish health hazards to personnel and environmental impact and to reduce production costs. This paper studies the application of diamond-like coating (DLC) under severe lubrication conditions by adopting strip reducti

Tool texturing is studied as a method to enhance lubrication and prevent the occurrence of galling. Strip reduction test tools manufactured with longitudinal, shallow pocket geometries oriented perpendicular to the sliding direction are tested. The pockets have small angles to the workpiece surface and varying distance. The experiments show an opti