The ratio of reinforcement-concrete is the measurement of reinforcement content in reinforced concrete. Higher the ratio means higher content of reinforcement in the reinforced concrete and it will increase the cost of the reinforced concrete frame. The objectives of this research are to determine the reinforcement-concrete ratio for the element of

This paper discusses an alternative computation approach for the fuzzy linguistics evaluation process that utilises the concept of ‘computing with words’. Three steps were established under the linguistic information; i) identification of the linguistic term set with its semantic, ii) choosing the appropriate aggregation operator of linguistic

An encyclopedia entry detailing the meaning, history, and causes of suicide terrorism. In addition, the characteristics of suicide terrorists are highlighted and the entry ends with some ways of countering suicide terrorism.

As technology such as the Internet, computers and mobile devices become ubiquitous throughout society, the need to ensure our information remains secure is imperative. Unfortunately, it has long been understood that good security cannot be achieved through technical means alone and a solid understanding of the issues and how to protect yourself is

Learning styles theory is widely acknowledged amongst educational theorists. However, there is little research evidence on the adoption and adaptation of learning styles in an e-Learning environment, specifically in respect of personalised learning environments. In this context, evidence identifies that the more thoroughly instructors understand th

Disposal of sewage sludge is a main problem faced by local municipalities in Malaysia. Sludge conditioned with chemical polymer often termed as undesirable use for land application. However, using natural polymer will help to reduce the impact of this problem. In this study, optimization using Moringa oleifera seeds as a natural polymer in sewage s

In this article I provide a reflexive account of my emotions both prior to and during fieldwork. I begin with a personal narrative that explores my motivations for conducting a study on a pertinent environmental issue – river pollution. My comparative ethnographic fieldwork in two different socio-cultural and environmental settings, that of the K

Based on an ethnographic study about the Torrens River catchment in South Australia, this paper examines people’s perceptions and responses to river pollution. While the study does not directly deal with the issue of climate change, it is always there in some form. The paper begins, therefore, with an exploration on how freshwater resources world

The buckling problem of annular plate with only one edge (either inner or outer edge) constrained is formulated and presented in this paper. The boundary condition is simply supported inner edge - free outer edge. The results are compared between the FEM results obtained using ABAQUS and results reported in literature. The results shows good agreem

A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display common to large TV displays (32" inches or larger). Many tiny cells between two panels of glass hold a mixture of noble gases. The gas in the cells is electrically turned into a plasma which then excites phosphors to emit light. One of major part in the plasma display panel is its pro