In this paper, I will discuss the meaning of Islamic architecture and some of its functions and salient characteristics. The discussion will be divided into the following sections: (1) The meaning of Islamic architecture (2) Islamic architecture as a means, not an end (3) Two examples: the Islamic house and the mosque (4) Pragmatism and Islamic arc

With the breathtaking success of African Journal of Business Management-AJBM in the recent years, has become one of most commanding podiums for the scholar especially from the developing world. In 2009, not only its impact factor has increased substantially, but also one of its published papers “has been selected by Essential Science IndicatorsSM

As Muslims, the search for lawful (halal) and wholesome (tayyib) products such as food and medicines is not only a part of ibadah and to get pleasure of Allah SWT. In fact, it can also nourish the bodies and souls due to the permissibility and purity of the products. Currently, the awareness of some doubtful and questionable ingredients in the food

This work aims at optimizing the media constituents for citric acid production from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) as renewable resource using artifiial neural networks (ANN) approach. The bioconversion process was done through solid state bioconversion using Aspergillus niger. ANN model was built using MATLAB software. A dataset consists of 20

This paper investigates the influence of Tawhidic paradigm on ethical leadership. The essence of Tawhidic paradigm is in the spiritual built-in conscience and behavior that comply with the law of Allah in discharging duties as servant and vicegerent of Allah religiously. Since Tawhidic paradigm requires a person to discharge duties both for individ

Biodiesel is a non-toxic renewable fuel that has been highly demanded because it reduces the emission of air pollutants, thus a good alternative for the petroleum-derived fuel which is now having depletion, unstable price escalation and causes environmental problems. In this study, sludge palm oil (SPO) which is a low cost and abundantly produced w

This paper postulates critical explanation from Tawhidic paradigm on the relationship between modern democracy and ethical leadership in the Muslim world. The well established theories of democracy argued that democracy is a form of government that recognizes that all adults have equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. This paper examin

A new three-stage quadruple pass (QP) EDFA is presented in this paper. The mathematical models for designing this proposed EDFA are developed. In the mathematical models, the effects of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of prior stages are included. Performance analysis of this QP EDFA is carried out with the variation of input pump power ratio

Massive mortality of cage-cultured red hybrid tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Como River, Kenyir Lake, Malaysia was investigated. Moribund fish showing erratic swimming, sluggishness and hemorrhagic eyes were collected for the study. Water quality parameters were measured on-site. The highest temperature was 32.70°C at the surface while lower tem

This paper discusses the apparent viscosity of crude palm oil, using rotary viscometer, under different boundary conditions. It was experimentally shown that the apparent viscosity of palm oil drops with increasing shear rate and temperature. However, the effect of temperature on the viscosity tends to fade at temperatures beyond 80"C. A correl