This study advocates zakat as the major and potent fiscal policy instrument in an Islamic state. Zakat plays its role in the macroeconomic stabilization policy through the non -discretionary and discretionary fiscal policy. The built -in stabilizer mechanism occurs when zakat collection is automatically reduced during recession giving more money to

A wide range of steganography techniques has been described in this paper. Beside the evaluation of embedding parameters for the existing techniques, two problems -weaknesses- of substitution techniques are investigated which if they could be solved, the large capacity - strength- of substitution techniques would be practical. Furthermore, a novel,

Steganography is a technique used to transmit hidden information by modifying an audio signal in an imperceptible manner. The transmission must be possible in spite of subsequent imperceptible alterations (attacks) of the modified signal. We propose a novel approach of substitution technique of audio steganography. Using genetic algorithm, message

Temporal modeling od facial expression is very important in various fields which include expression recognition, realism in computer animation and behavioral study in psychological field. While various researches are currently being done to capture the movement of facial features for its temporal property, not much is being said about the head move

In this paper, we present a novel, principled approach to resolve the remained problems of substitution technique of audio steganography. Using the proposed genetic algorithm, message bits are embedded into multiple, vague and higher LSB layers, resulting in increased robustness. The robustness specially would be increased against those intentional

Marine actinobacteria were isolated from sediment and water samples from Malaysian waters using starch-yeast extract agar with seawater and marine agar (Difco) as a selective medium to isolate the actinomycetes. Ten isolates were selected from a collection of 300 isolates for further investigations based on colony morphology and pigment production.

The purpose of this study is gather information on the status and the movement of the graduates of the Malayan National Religious Secondary School from 1979 until 2004. Specifically, the study surveyed the academic development, employment and economic status as well of self-efficacy and self esteem of these graduates. Simultaneously, the graduate a

Ever since television takes its strike, it has remained the most influential medium among the mass media. It can be considered a credible source of information. The reasons being the full colour, action packed, real actors films make TV seem to be real to the audience. The influence of TV on teenagers, adolescents and youth is widespread. The influ

The research emphasizes on the connection between the Arabic concept of ma`ani nahwi and modistae in Latin. In order to identify this connection, the researcher has to elaborate on the role of Aristotle`s categories in influencing the concept of modistae in the Middle Ages then the paper will reevaluate of Muslim philosophers such as al-Farabi, Avi

As in the early Islamic period, so today Muslims scholars and students face several challenges in their study of world religions. Some of these challenges are common to Muslim and Western scholarship on the subject, while others are peculiar to Muslim scholarship. They range from the challenge of defining and delimiting the field to those associate