In accordance with Article 292 of the UNCLOS 1982, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea shall in its judgment determine in each case whether or not the allegation made by the applicant that the detaining State has not complied with a provision of the Convention for the prompt release of the vessel or the crew upon the posting of a reas

It has been argued that due to the emergence in recent time of other international courts and tribunals, such as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization, the significance of the International Court of Justice has been reduced. Nevertheless, since the newer courts and tribunals are all

The enforcement powers of the coastal State over foreign vessels in their territorial seas normally include arrest of the crew, seizure of the vessels, and their detention that may extend for a considerable length of time. What makes the matter worst is the extension by the UNCLOS 1982 of the coastal State’s powers to the new legal regime of the

The design of a novel wideband Dual-function Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) configured in two-stage double pass amplification scheme is demonstrated in this paper. The proposed architecture is designed to increase amplification bandwidth. The purpose of utilizing the CFBG is to reflect the amplified sign

The recent judgment of the ICJ in the Pedra Branca case is of crucial importance to Singapore and Malaysia because having resolved the question of which State has sovereignty over Pedra Branca and Middle Rocks, the Court has paved the way for the resolution of the delimitation of the maritime boundaries between the two States. However, this matter,

Data confidentiality is a major problem for healthcare and medical emergency system since it accumulates significant information. Sharing and transmission of private via Internet leads to easily intercept it by unauthorized parties. Attackers need to access private information by capturing data transmission and forging themselves as authorized user

There are various versions of IEEE802.11 WLAN in the market, and each applies different modulation technique and operates in different frequency bands. For example, the IEEE 802.11 b version provides data rates up to 11 Mb/s on the wireless medium, applying complementary code keying (CCK) and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) as modulation tec

This new edition has been completely revised and extensively rewritten to cover the rapid development in this branch of law brought about by a number of landmark rulings decided by the International Court of Justice and other international courts and tribunals. Amongst the rapidly developing areas are the law of State responsibility, international

Healthcare and medical emergency are essential systems in human life; so that many countries work toward having it. Investigation of Malaysian case shows that it suffer from locality, missing of unified electronic medical record EMR and lack of utilizing Internet, multimedia, wireless and real time technologies. Other drawbacks include: Difficulty

One of the clear facts in the world is the increasing number of cars and other automobiles in term of production as well as theft attempts. There is a big effort done by many international and local companies to produce car security systems, but the result is still less than expectations since the number of car theft cases are still increases. The