Vanillin Meldrum’s acid (VanMA) was successfully synthesized and thoroughly examined using techniques like elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR, UV–Vis spectroscopies, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in a triclinic crystal system under the P-1 space group. A quantitative analysis of the intermolecular interactions in the crystal

The availability of clean water, a vital natural resource that supports diverse ecosystems, is increasingly threatened by sediment accumulation which impacts rivers, oceans, and coastal life, which is in line with sustainable development number goal 6 clean water and sanitation. Rapid industrialization and urbanization have intensified these challe

This paper examines intergovernmental collaboration on immigration policy in Malawi through the lens of the Collaborative Governance Model (Ansell & Gash, 2008). It focuses on the critical elements of institutional design, historical context, and facilitative leadership that influence collaborative efforts. The study highlights the importance o

The Hajj pilgrimage, the world's largest annual mass gathering, poses significant challenges in crowd management and pedestrian movement due to the sheer number of participants and logistical complexities. This study emphasizes the need for effective strategies to ensure the safety of millions of pilgrims in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. By reviewing li

The availability of clean water, a critical natural resource essential for supporting diverse ecosystems, is increasingly threatened by sediment accumulation, which negatively impacts rivers, oceans, and coastal environments. During rainy seasons, excessive sediment, including clay particles known as total suspended solids (TSS), contaminates water

This cross-sectional study conducted in rural Pahang state, Malaysia, aimed to validate a questionnaire examining ecotourism operators’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) regarding COVID-19 transmission and preventive measures. Data collection utilised the snowball technique. The questionnaire, comprising 34 items covering knowledge, attitud

Illegal immigration presents a growing challenge for Malawi, undermining national security, straining resources, and exposing socio-political vulnerabilities. This qualitative study investigates the systemic challenges contributing to the inefficacies of border control, with a focus on the Immigration Department's management. Using in-depth int

The demand for advanced security solutions has increased with the continuous growth of urban infrastructure; hence, automated surveillance systems are vital across universities, hospitals, and commercial spaces. This project proposes an end-to-end Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) system to identify vehicle license plates by capturing high-

Dohuk city in Iraq produces 2000 tons of solid waste per day and it is disposed in a landfill. Waste disposal is one of the biggest problems that the Dohuk city is faced, the government searched for finding the most effective waste disposal that suitable with their weather and amount of solid waste. The municipality of Dohuk found the landfill in K

Hukum Hudud (Hukuman tetap) dan Qisas (Pembalasan) dianggap sebagai jenayah paling berbahaya yang lazim dalam Masyarakat Islam. Kerajaan menentukan bagi setiap jenayah dan pesalah jenis dan jumlah hukuman. Di antaranya terdapat jenayah yang tidak menerima pengampunan atau pengecualian jika tidak ada keraguan atau kekeliruan dalam kes itu. Walaupun