The objective of this study was to investigate the fungi growth on fabricated rattan board under 12 weeks’ exposure in natural weathering. The rattan powder was pressed using a hot-press machine to be turned into rattan boards and they were placed on a 45oC inclined rack at an open area. Longer exposure time resulted in occurrences of more surfac

Transesterification is one of the methods for biodiesel production in which oil or fat is reacted with alcohol, such as methanol or ethanol, in the presence of a catalyst to form alkyl ester and glycerol. The cost of biodiesel production is mainly affected by the system used and cost of feedstock. Currently, waste oil or fat is used in the producti

This paper aims to explain an important element that should be avoided in business dealings for them to be permissible. The interest to conduct this research was sparked by a fatwah given by some contemporary scholars. The fatwah says that Riba al-Fadhl does not exist in currency exchange, which inspired the selection of this topic. The objective o

Abstract— In this paper we consider the problem of increasing the throughput of cognitive radio in a cognitive radio network by forming coalitions among cognitive radio users. Recently there have been numerous studies exploring the benefits of the cooperation in a cognitive radio network. The cooperation tends to increase the spectrum sensing per

ISO 9001 Quality Management System is one of the ISO 9000 set of standards that provides a series of guidelines on how to establish a quality system to manage the processes that affect its product or services. There are many benefits offered by ISO but it does not mean if a company managed to secure the certification, they will be able to experienc

Recently there have been numerous studies exploring the benefits of the coalition formation in a cognitive radio network and it has been shown that coalition formation tends to improve the performance of cognitive radio networks. In this paper, we use the concepts from matching theory to form coalitions of varying size among cognitive radio users f

An apparatus and method for remotely adjusting the hydraulic horse power per square inch (HSI) of a drill bit. The apparatus and method may allow the nozzle geometry to be varied remotely without the need to pull the drill string outside the hole. This nozzle may include a body configured to be secured within the rotary drill bit, and a fluid passa

A method and apparatus for remotely and selectively controlling and altering fluid flow through tubular string disposed within a wellbore and further control fluid flow between the tubular string inner flow passage and the annular flow passage, and a method for selectively and remotely receiving and interpreting a form of command or information at

The course of recovery in children post injury remains unclear despite recent focus on quality of life (QOL) and func<onal outcomes following trauma. There is a need for accurate assessment of the impact and course of such injuries on a child’s func<onal status and perceived well-being. Determining when and whether or not func<onal ou

In anaerobic digestion for enhancement of biogas production, various types of pre-treatment method have been used with some limitations in terms of sustainable environmental management. Although acid and alkali pretreatment have significant effect on the degradation of biomass, these methods have some negative impacts on environment due to their ha